Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance
The addition of third elements may help transform brittle D0<sub>22</sub>-structured lightweight Al<sub>3</sub>Ti to a relatively ductile L1<sub>2</sub>-structured (Al, M)<sub>3</sub>Ti (where M represents the third elements), thus increasing the ducti...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Lubricants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/11/398 |
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| author | Guijiang Diao Junfeng Yuan Anqiang He Dong Zhang Aakash Kumar Ranran Fang Anatoliy Vorobyev Wengang Chen Dongyang Li |
| author_facet | Guijiang Diao Junfeng Yuan Anqiang He Dong Zhang Aakash Kumar Ranran Fang Anatoliy Vorobyev Wengang Chen Dongyang Li |
| author_sort | Guijiang Diao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The addition of third elements may help transform brittle D0<sub>22</sub>-structured lightweight Al<sub>3</sub>Ti to a relatively ductile L1<sub>2</sub>-structured (Al, M)<sub>3</sub>Ti (where M represents the third elements), thus increasing the ductility at the expense of hardness. Such a transformation could benefit the wear resistance of the alloy due to improved toughness if a proper balance between the hardness and ductility is achieved. In this work, a D0<sub>22</sub>-predominant Al<sub>3</sub>Ti alloy (S-Al<sub>3</sub>Ti) and an L1<sub>2</sub>-predominant (Al, Fe)<sub>3</sub>Ti alloy (S-Al<sub>67</sub>Ti<sub>25</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub>) were fabricated by arc melting. Change in wear resistance, corresponding to a D0<sub>22</sub>-to-L1<sub>2</sub> transformation, caused by the addition of Fe as a representative third element, was investigated and compared with the wear resistance of a commercial Al-matrix composite reinforced by 30 wt.% SiC particles (S-Al/SiC<sub>p</sub>) as a reference material. It was observed that wear of the S-Al<sub>3</sub>Ti resulted from abrasion involving synergistic oxidation, leading to a larger volume loss. In contrast, the softer S-Al<sub>67</sub>Ti<sub>25</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub> showed enhanced wear resistance, benefiting from improved toughness with reasonable hardness. During the wear testing, both the alloys exhibited better performance than S-Al/SiC<sub>p</sub>, a well-known lightweight composite. This study highlights that D0<sub>22</sub>-to-L1<sub>2</sub> transformation enhances wear resistance due to increased toughness which can be adjusted using the addition of a third element. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e55b950154d64d1990e06781600d51f6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4442 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lubricants |
| spelling | doaj-art-e55b950154d64d1990e06781600d51f62025-08-20T01:54:02ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422024-11-01121139810.3390/lubricants12110398Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear ResistanceGuijiang Diao0Junfeng Yuan1Anqiang He2Dong Zhang3Aakash Kumar4Ranran Fang5Anatoliy Vorobyev6Wengang Chen7Dongyang Li8Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, CanadaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, CanadaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, CanadaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, ChinaSchool of Machinery and Transportation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, CanadaThe addition of third elements may help transform brittle D0<sub>22</sub>-structured lightweight Al<sub>3</sub>Ti to a relatively ductile L1<sub>2</sub>-structured (Al, M)<sub>3</sub>Ti (where M represents the third elements), thus increasing the ductility at the expense of hardness. Such a transformation could benefit the wear resistance of the alloy due to improved toughness if a proper balance between the hardness and ductility is achieved. In this work, a D0<sub>22</sub>-predominant Al<sub>3</sub>Ti alloy (S-Al<sub>3</sub>Ti) and an L1<sub>2</sub>-predominant (Al, Fe)<sub>3</sub>Ti alloy (S-Al<sub>67</sub>Ti<sub>25</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub>) were fabricated by arc melting. Change in wear resistance, corresponding to a D0<sub>22</sub>-to-L1<sub>2</sub> transformation, caused by the addition of Fe as a representative third element, was investigated and compared with the wear resistance of a commercial Al-matrix composite reinforced by 30 wt.% SiC particles (S-Al/SiC<sub>p</sub>) as a reference material. It was observed that wear of the S-Al<sub>3</sub>Ti resulted from abrasion involving synergistic oxidation, leading to a larger volume loss. In contrast, the softer S-Al<sub>67</sub>Ti<sub>25</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub> showed enhanced wear resistance, benefiting from improved toughness with reasonable hardness. During the wear testing, both the alloys exhibited better performance than S-Al/SiC<sub>p</sub>, a well-known lightweight composite. This study highlights that D0<sub>22</sub>-to-L1<sub>2</sub> transformation enhances wear resistance due to increased toughness which can be adjusted using the addition of a third element.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/11/398D0<sub>22</sub> Al<sub>3</sub>TiL1<sub>2</sub> (Al, Fe)<sub>3</sub>Tiphase transformationwear resistance |
| spellingShingle | Guijiang Diao Junfeng Yuan Anqiang He Dong Zhang Aakash Kumar Ranran Fang Anatoliy Vorobyev Wengang Chen Dongyang Li Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance Lubricants D0<sub>22</sub> Al<sub>3</sub>Ti L1<sub>2</sub> (Al, Fe)<sub>3</sub>Ti phase transformation wear resistance |
| title | Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_full | Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_short | Transformation from D0<sub>22</sub> to L1<sub>2</sub> in Al<sub>3</sub>Ti by Fe Addition for Enhanced Wear Resistance |
| title_sort | transformation from d0 sub 22 sub to l1 sub 2 sub in al sub 3 sub ti by fe addition for enhanced wear resistance |
| topic | D0<sub>22</sub> Al<sub>3</sub>Ti L1<sub>2</sub> (Al, Fe)<sub>3</sub>Ti phase transformation wear resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/11/398 |
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