Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China

Changes in river runoff have a significant impact on the sustainable use of water resources in a watershed, and these changes are closely linked to variations in land use/land cover (LULC). This research explores an innovative approach in the Zhang River Basin (ZRB), China, by coupling a concept-bas...

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Main Authors: Jiawen Liu, Xianqi Zhang, Xiaoyan Wu, Yang Yang, Yupeng Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Ecological Informatics
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954124004084
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author Jiawen Liu
Xianqi Zhang
Xiaoyan Wu
Yang Yang
Yupeng Zheng
author_facet Jiawen Liu
Xianqi Zhang
Xiaoyan Wu
Yang Yang
Yupeng Zheng
author_sort Jiawen Liu
collection DOAJ
description Changes in river runoff have a significant impact on the sustainable use of water resources in a watershed, and these changes are closely linked to variations in land use/land cover (LULC). This research explores an innovative approach in the Zhang River Basin (ZRB), China, by coupling a concept-based hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), with a deep-learning model, the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (Bi-LSTM), to improve the accuracy of river runoff simulations. By analyzing LULC changes in 2002, 2012, and 2022, this study developed three SWAT models and three coupled SWAT-BiLSTM models to quantitatively assess the impacts of these changes on river runoff through eight LULC scenarios. The findings revealed significant LULC changes from 2002 to 2022, with cropland and grassland areas decreasing while forest and urban land areas increased. The total area of grassland, forest, and cropland made up over 93 % of the basin, indicating active land type conversions. Calibration and validation results demonstrated that the SWAT-BiLSTM model outperformed the conventional SWAT model, yielding higher accuracy in runoff simulations. Specifically, the SWAT-BiLSTM model achieved R2 values of 0.89 and 0.90 during calibration and validation, compared to the SWAT model's R2 values of 0.76 and 0.79. Scenario analyses indicated that expansions in farmland, grassland, and urban areas were correlated with increased river runoff, while an expansion in forested areas led to reduced runoff. Notably, urban land changes had the most pronounced impact on runoff, emphasizing the need for careful runoff management and flood risk mitigation in urban planning. By combining SWAT and Bi-LSTM models, this study provides an innovative assessment of the impact of LULC changes on water resources in the ZRB. The results offer valuable insights for water resource management, LULC optimization, and flood risk management, highlighting the potential application of deep learning techniques in hydrological simulation. This research serves as a scientific basis for policy-making and sustainable land use planning in the ZRB and similar regions.
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spelling doaj-art-e55b393fb9224ad9b38c258d5bf0f1022025-08-20T02:49:35ZengElsevierEcological Informatics1574-95412024-12-018410286610.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102866Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, ChinaJiawen Liu0Xianqi Zhang1Xiaoyan Wu2Yang Yang3Yupeng Zheng4Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaWater Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Protection Engineering, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Technology Research Center of Water Conservancy and Marine Traffic Engineering, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaWater Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Corresponding author.Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaWater Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaChanges in river runoff have a significant impact on the sustainable use of water resources in a watershed, and these changes are closely linked to variations in land use/land cover (LULC). This research explores an innovative approach in the Zhang River Basin (ZRB), China, by coupling a concept-based hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), with a deep-learning model, the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (Bi-LSTM), to improve the accuracy of river runoff simulations. By analyzing LULC changes in 2002, 2012, and 2022, this study developed three SWAT models and three coupled SWAT-BiLSTM models to quantitatively assess the impacts of these changes on river runoff through eight LULC scenarios. The findings revealed significant LULC changes from 2002 to 2022, with cropland and grassland areas decreasing while forest and urban land areas increased. The total area of grassland, forest, and cropland made up over 93 % of the basin, indicating active land type conversions. Calibration and validation results demonstrated that the SWAT-BiLSTM model outperformed the conventional SWAT model, yielding higher accuracy in runoff simulations. Specifically, the SWAT-BiLSTM model achieved R2 values of 0.89 and 0.90 during calibration and validation, compared to the SWAT model's R2 values of 0.76 and 0.79. Scenario analyses indicated that expansions in farmland, grassland, and urban areas were correlated with increased river runoff, while an expansion in forested areas led to reduced runoff. Notably, urban land changes had the most pronounced impact on runoff, emphasizing the need for careful runoff management and flood risk mitigation in urban planning. By combining SWAT and Bi-LSTM models, this study provides an innovative assessment of the impact of LULC changes on water resources in the ZRB. The results offer valuable insights for water resource management, LULC optimization, and flood risk management, highlighting the potential application of deep learning techniques in hydrological simulation. This research serves as a scientific basis for policy-making and sustainable land use planning in the ZRB and similar regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954124004084Land use/land cover(LULC)Runoff from riversSWATBi-LSTMZhang River Basin
spellingShingle Jiawen Liu
Xianqi Zhang
Xiaoyan Wu
Yang Yang
Yupeng Zheng
Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China
Ecological Informatics
Land use/land cover(LULC)
Runoff from rivers
SWAT
Bi-LSTM
Zhang River Basin
title Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China
title_full Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China
title_fullStr Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China
title_short Impacts of LULC changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled SWAT and BiLSTM model: A case study in Zhanghe River Basin, China
title_sort impacts of lulc changes on runoff from rivers through a coupled swat and bilstm model a case study in zhanghe river basin china
topic Land use/land cover(LULC)
Runoff from rivers
SWAT
Bi-LSTM
Zhang River Basin
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954124004084
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