Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia
Although some individuals with schizophrenia are able to maintain gainful employment, many are not. To better understand this differential real-life outcome, we tested general and specific cognitive measures as predictors of future employment and genetic moderators of these relationships. One hundre...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Schizophrenia Research: Cognition |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001325000137 |
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| author | Rachael Keir Blackman Dwight Dickinson Michael D. Gregory Bhaskar S. Kolachana Daniel P. Eisenberg Karen F. Berman |
| author_facet | Rachael Keir Blackman Dwight Dickinson Michael D. Gregory Bhaskar S. Kolachana Daniel P. Eisenberg Karen F. Berman |
| author_sort | Rachael Keir Blackman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although some individuals with schizophrenia are able to maintain gainful employment, many are not. To better understand this differential real-life outcome, we tested general and specific cognitive measures as predictors of future employment and genetic moderators of these relationships. One hundred and twenty-four patients with schizophrenia spectrum illness (31.5 % female, mean age 32.5 ± 10.5 years) participated in a research study at the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program's Clinical Center and were later recontacted regarding outcomes (average time to recontact = 8.6 ± 4.0 years). At the initial visit, patients completed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and provided blood samples for genotyping. Cognitive scores at the initial visit were tested as predictors of future employment status (employed vs. unemployed) at follow-up using logistic regressions, and polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia were tested as moderators. At follow-up, 45.2 % of individuals were employed. General cognitive ability indexes (“g” and IQ) and verbal memory were predictive of subsequent employment status. Additionally, polygenic risk for schizophrenia moderated the effect of working memory cognitive scores on the prediction of future employment. The results suggest that certain broad indexes of cognitive dysfunction may be particularly salient in targeting interventions to address real-world functioning in schizophrenia. These data also suggest that further investigation into the genetic underpinnings of real-life outcomes in this illness is warranted. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5545ed928124607985bd81c597873ef |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2215-0013 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Schizophrenia Research: Cognition |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5545ed928124607985bd81c597873ef2025-08-20T03:42:44ZengElsevierSchizophrenia Research: Cognition2215-00132025-06-014010035610.1016/j.scog.2025.100356Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophreniaRachael Keir Blackman0Dwight Dickinson1Michael D. Gregory2Bhaskar S. Kolachana3Daniel P. Eisenberg4Karen F. Berman5Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAClinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAClinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAClinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAClinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Corresponding author at: Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Intramural Research Program, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 3C103A, Bethesda, MD 20892-1365, USA.Although some individuals with schizophrenia are able to maintain gainful employment, many are not. To better understand this differential real-life outcome, we tested general and specific cognitive measures as predictors of future employment and genetic moderators of these relationships. One hundred and twenty-four patients with schizophrenia spectrum illness (31.5 % female, mean age 32.5 ± 10.5 years) participated in a research study at the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program's Clinical Center and were later recontacted regarding outcomes (average time to recontact = 8.6 ± 4.0 years). At the initial visit, patients completed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and provided blood samples for genotyping. Cognitive scores at the initial visit were tested as predictors of future employment status (employed vs. unemployed) at follow-up using logistic regressions, and polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia were tested as moderators. At follow-up, 45.2 % of individuals were employed. General cognitive ability indexes (“g” and IQ) and verbal memory were predictive of subsequent employment status. Additionally, polygenic risk for schizophrenia moderated the effect of working memory cognitive scores on the prediction of future employment. The results suggest that certain broad indexes of cognitive dysfunction may be particularly salient in targeting interventions to address real-world functioning in schizophrenia. These data also suggest that further investigation into the genetic underpinnings of real-life outcomes in this illness is warranted.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001325000137SchizophreniaFunctional outcomesEmploymentCognitionPolygenic risk score |
| spellingShingle | Rachael Keir Blackman Dwight Dickinson Michael D. Gregory Bhaskar S. Kolachana Daniel P. Eisenberg Karen F. Berman Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia Schizophrenia Research: Cognition Schizophrenia Functional outcomes Employment Cognition Polygenic risk score |
| title | Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia |
| title_full | Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia |
| title_short | Cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia |
| title_sort | cognitive predictors and genetic moderators of employment outcomes in people with schizophrenia |
| topic | Schizophrenia Functional outcomes Employment Cognition Polygenic risk score |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215001325000137 |
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