The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to provide thorough, understandable and precise evidence for the clinical use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in preventing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods We evaluated the effectiveness of ALBC in preventing PJI by conducting a...

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Main Authors: Yangbin Cao, Peiyuan Tang, Hua Chai, Wenbo Ma, Bin Lin, Ying Zhu, Ahmed Abdirahman, Wenfeng Xiao, Jun Zhang, Yusheng Li, Shuguang Liu, Ting Wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-025-00839-w
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author Yangbin Cao
Peiyuan Tang
Hua Chai
Wenbo Ma
Bin Lin
Ying Zhu
Ahmed Abdirahman
Wenfeng Xiao
Jun Zhang
Yusheng Li
Shuguang Liu
Ting Wen
author_facet Yangbin Cao
Peiyuan Tang
Hua Chai
Wenbo Ma
Bin Lin
Ying Zhu
Ahmed Abdirahman
Wenfeng Xiao
Jun Zhang
Yusheng Li
Shuguang Liu
Ting Wen
author_sort Yangbin Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to provide thorough, understandable and precise evidence for the clinical use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in preventing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods We evaluated the effectiveness of ALBC in preventing PJI by conducting an umbrella review of existing meta-analysis. Four databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science, were searched until May 2024. Two reviewers were reviewers for literature screening, and data were extracted independently. AMSTAR 2 guideline and GRADE were also used for quality evaluation. The clinical outcomes were evaluated for effectiveness by several indicators, including surface infection rate (SIR), deep infection rate (DIR), total infection rate (TIR), unadjusted/adjusted all-cause revision rate, and revision rate for PJI. Results We synthesized the results of ten meta-analyses. Two meta-analyses had high AMSTAR 2 scores, two had moderate AMSTAR 2 ratings, three had critically low AMSTAR 2 scores, and the remaining meta-analyses had low AMSTAR 2 ratings. In terms of postoperative surgical site infection and revision rate, SIR (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.14, 1.99, P = 0.004, I 2 = 0%), unadjusted all-cause revision rate (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08, 1.90, P = 0.011, I 2 = 91.8%) and adjusted all-cause revision rate (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12, 1.31, P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%) in ALBC group were significantly higher than those in non-antibiotic-loaded bone cement (NALBC) group. ALBC group was significantly lower than NALBC group in DIR (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39, 0.70, P < 0.0001, I 2  = 57%), (RR 0.506, 95% CI 0.341, 0.751, P = 0.001, I 2  = 0%) and revision for PJI (RR 0.721, 95% CI 0.628, 0.828, P = 0, I 2  = 53%). There was no statistical difference in total infection rate (TIR) between the ALBC group and the NALBC group (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.51, 1.28, P = 0.37, I 2  = 73%). Conclusions On the basis of the results of our analysis, we do not believe that ALBC is more effective than NALBC in preventing PJI after primary total joint arthroplasty (PTJA). No statistically significant difference was found on TIR between the two groups, although it was lower in the ALBC group. In addition, the DIR and revision for PJI are significantly lower in the ALBC group, but the results are of low quality, which calls for high-quality and large-sample studies in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-e55019ef020b49929d1ac05a446e0e2f2025-08-20T02:17:52ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology1590-99992025-04-0126111110.1186/s10195-025-00839-wThe application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella reviewYangbin Cao0Peiyuan Tang1Hua Chai2Wenbo Ma3Bin Lin4Ying Zhu5Ahmed Abdirahman6Wenfeng Xiao7Jun Zhang8Yusheng Li9Shuguang Liu10Ting Wen11Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityXiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityXiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityXiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityXiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityThe First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to provide thorough, understandable and precise evidence for the clinical use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in preventing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods We evaluated the effectiveness of ALBC in preventing PJI by conducting an umbrella review of existing meta-analysis. Four databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science, were searched until May 2024. Two reviewers were reviewers for literature screening, and data were extracted independently. AMSTAR 2 guideline and GRADE were also used for quality evaluation. The clinical outcomes were evaluated for effectiveness by several indicators, including surface infection rate (SIR), deep infection rate (DIR), total infection rate (TIR), unadjusted/adjusted all-cause revision rate, and revision rate for PJI. Results We synthesized the results of ten meta-analyses. Two meta-analyses had high AMSTAR 2 scores, two had moderate AMSTAR 2 ratings, three had critically low AMSTAR 2 scores, and the remaining meta-analyses had low AMSTAR 2 ratings. In terms of postoperative surgical site infection and revision rate, SIR (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.14, 1.99, P = 0.004, I 2 = 0%), unadjusted all-cause revision rate (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08, 1.90, P = 0.011, I 2 = 91.8%) and adjusted all-cause revision rate (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12, 1.31, P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%) in ALBC group were significantly higher than those in non-antibiotic-loaded bone cement (NALBC) group. ALBC group was significantly lower than NALBC group in DIR (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39, 0.70, P < 0.0001, I 2  = 57%), (RR 0.506, 95% CI 0.341, 0.751, P = 0.001, I 2  = 0%) and revision for PJI (RR 0.721, 95% CI 0.628, 0.828, P = 0, I 2  = 53%). There was no statistical difference in total infection rate (TIR) between the ALBC group and the NALBC group (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.51, 1.28, P = 0.37, I 2  = 73%). Conclusions On the basis of the results of our analysis, we do not believe that ALBC is more effective than NALBC in preventing PJI after primary total joint arthroplasty (PTJA). No statistically significant difference was found on TIR between the two groups, although it was lower in the ALBC group. In addition, the DIR and revision for PJI are significantly lower in the ALBC group, but the results are of low quality, which calls for high-quality and large-sample studies in the future.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-025-00839-wProsthesis-related infectionsAntibacterial agentsBone cementsTotal joint arthroplastyAntibiotic prophylaxis
spellingShingle Yangbin Cao
Peiyuan Tang
Hua Chai
Wenbo Ma
Bin Lin
Ying Zhu
Ahmed Abdirahman
Wenfeng Xiao
Jun Zhang
Yusheng Li
Shuguang Liu
Ting Wen
The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review
Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Prosthesis-related infections
Antibacterial agents
Bone cements
Total joint arthroplasty
Antibiotic prophylaxis
title The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review
title_full The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review
title_fullStr The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review
title_full_unstemmed The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review
title_short The application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection: an umbrella review
title_sort application of antibiotic loaded bone cement in preventing periprosthetic joint infection an umbrella review
topic Prosthesis-related infections
Antibacterial agents
Bone cements
Total joint arthroplasty
Antibiotic prophylaxis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-025-00839-w
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