Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection

Falls, a major cause of injury and disability, particularly among older adults, present a significant public-health challenge. Existing methods of balance assessment often lack the sensitivity and specificity needed to identify subtle deviations from normal patterns, hindering early intervention. To...

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Main Authors: Márcio Fagundes Goethel, Klaus Magno Becker, Franciele Carvalho Santos Parolini, Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha, João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/632
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author Márcio Fagundes Goethel
Klaus Magno Becker
Franciele Carvalho Santos Parolini
Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
author_facet Márcio Fagundes Goethel
Klaus Magno Becker
Franciele Carvalho Santos Parolini
Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
author_sort Márcio Fagundes Goethel
collection DOAJ
description Falls, a major cause of injury and disability, particularly among older adults, present a significant public-health challenge. Existing methods of balance assessment often lack the sensitivity and specificity needed to identify subtle deviations from normal patterns, hindering early intervention. To address this gap, we introduced a novel artificial intelligence-based tool that leverages anomaly detection to provide a comprehensive assessment of balance performance across all age groups. This study evaluated the tool’s effectiveness in 163 individuals aged 18–85 years who were assessed using a force platform under four conditions: eyes open and eyes closed on firm and foam surfaces. Data analysis, employing an artificial neural network with 19 socio-anthropometric and postural variables, showed the tool’s exceptional accuracy (R = 0.99998) in differentiating among balance profiles. Notably, the model highlighted the significant impact of age and education on balance, with older adults demonstrating increased reliance on visual input, especially when somatosensory information was reduced on foam surfaces. In contrast, younger, more educated individuals exhibited a more integrated sensorimotor approach. These findings demonstrate that our anomaly-detection tool can identify subtle balance impairments often missed by traditional methods, offering valuable insights for personalized fall-risk assessment and intervention. This AI-based approach can provide a holistic assessment of balance, leading to more effective strategies for fall prevention and rehabilitation, particularly in aging populations.
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spelling doaj-art-e542712663334d1fa1906d74858998972025-08-20T03:13:47ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-04-0115463210.3390/life15040632Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly DetectionMárcio Fagundes Goethel0Klaus Magno Becker1Franciele Carvalho Santos Parolini2Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha3João Paulo Vilas-Boas4Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, PortugalPorto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, PortugalPorto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, PortugalCenter of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, PortugalPorto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, PortugalFalls, a major cause of injury and disability, particularly among older adults, present a significant public-health challenge. Existing methods of balance assessment often lack the sensitivity and specificity needed to identify subtle deviations from normal patterns, hindering early intervention. To address this gap, we introduced a novel artificial intelligence-based tool that leverages anomaly detection to provide a comprehensive assessment of balance performance across all age groups. This study evaluated the tool’s effectiveness in 163 individuals aged 18–85 years who were assessed using a force platform under four conditions: eyes open and eyes closed on firm and foam surfaces. Data analysis, employing an artificial neural network with 19 socio-anthropometric and postural variables, showed the tool’s exceptional accuracy (R = 0.99998) in differentiating among balance profiles. Notably, the model highlighted the significant impact of age and education on balance, with older adults demonstrating increased reliance on visual input, especially when somatosensory information was reduced on foam surfaces. In contrast, younger, more educated individuals exhibited a more integrated sensorimotor approach. These findings demonstrate that our anomaly-detection tool can identify subtle balance impairments often missed by traditional methods, offering valuable insights for personalized fall-risk assessment and intervention. This AI-based approach can provide a holistic assessment of balance, leading to more effective strategies for fall prevention and rehabilitation, particularly in aging populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/632balanceanomaly detectionartificial intelligenceartificial neural networks
spellingShingle Márcio Fagundes Goethel
Klaus Magno Becker
Franciele Carvalho Santos Parolini
Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection
Life
balance
anomaly detection
artificial intelligence
artificial neural networks
title Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection
title_full Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection
title_fullStr Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection
title_short Development of a Tool for Comprehensive Balance Assessment Based on Artificial Intelligence and Anomaly Detection
title_sort development of a tool for comprehensive balance assessment based on artificial intelligence and anomaly detection
topic balance
anomaly detection
artificial intelligence
artificial neural networks
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/632
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