Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes

The Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT<sub>mult</sub>) is used to investigate which characteristics are necessary for, contribute to, or limit the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts in taekwondo. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between...

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Main Authors: Gennaro Apollaro, Marco Panascì, Ibrahim Ouergui, Coral Falcó, Emerson Franchini, Piero Ruggeri, Emanuela Faelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sports
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/12/322
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author Gennaro Apollaro
Marco Panascì
Ibrahim Ouergui
Coral Falcó
Emerson Franchini
Piero Ruggeri
Emanuela Faelli
author_facet Gennaro Apollaro
Marco Panascì
Ibrahim Ouergui
Coral Falcó
Emerson Franchini
Piero Ruggeri
Emanuela Faelli
author_sort Gennaro Apollaro
collection DOAJ
description The Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT<sub>mult</sub>) is used to investigate which characteristics are necessary for, contribute to, or limit the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts in taekwondo. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between anthropometric and body composition characteristics, muscle power performance, and sport-specific anaerobic performance. Nineteen black belt taekwondo athletes (mean ± SD age: 17.2 ± 2.4 years) volunteered to participate. Anthropometric and body composition characteristics (i.e., body height (BH), body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), body fat (BF%), and muscle mass (MM)) and physical performance (squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, and FSKT<sub>mult</sub>) were assessed. Data were analyzed with correlation coefficients and simple linear regression. The statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. The total number of kicks in FSKT<sub>mult</sub> (FSKT<sub>total</sub>) was significantly and positively correlated with MM (<i>r</i> = 0.521, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and negatively with BF% (<i>r</i> = −0.499, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The FSKT<sub>total</sub> was significantly and positively correlated with SJ (<i>r</i> = 0.520, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and CMJ (<i>r</i> = 0.508, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.05) performance. Body composition optimization, with appropriate physical training and dietary planning, is relevant in taekwondo as the improvement in the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts depends on MM, and its worsening on BF%. Lower limb muscle power positively influences the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts. Therefore, training programs should emphasize ballistic and plyometric exercises.
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spelling doaj-art-e54134c3d9294bfcae6eb1fa86fb173a2025-08-20T02:57:17ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632024-11-01121232210.3390/sports12120322Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo AthletesGennaro Apollaro0Marco Panascì1Ibrahim Ouergui2Coral Falcó3Emerson Franchini4Piero Ruggeri5Emanuela Faelli6Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyCentro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, TunisiaDepartment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, NorwayMartial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, BrazilCentro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyCentro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyThe Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT<sub>mult</sub>) is used to investigate which characteristics are necessary for, contribute to, or limit the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts in taekwondo. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between anthropometric and body composition characteristics, muscle power performance, and sport-specific anaerobic performance. Nineteen black belt taekwondo athletes (mean ± SD age: 17.2 ± 2.4 years) volunteered to participate. Anthropometric and body composition characteristics (i.e., body height (BH), body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), body fat (BF%), and muscle mass (MM)) and physical performance (squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, and FSKT<sub>mult</sub>) were assessed. Data were analyzed with correlation coefficients and simple linear regression. The statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. The total number of kicks in FSKT<sub>mult</sub> (FSKT<sub>total</sub>) was significantly and positively correlated with MM (<i>r</i> = 0.521, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and negatively with BF% (<i>r</i> = −0.499, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The FSKT<sub>total</sub> was significantly and positively correlated with SJ (<i>r</i> = 0.520, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and CMJ (<i>r</i> = 0.508, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.05) performance. Body composition optimization, with appropriate physical training and dietary planning, is relevant in taekwondo as the improvement in the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts depends on MM, and its worsening on BF%. Lower limb muscle power positively influences the ability to repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts. Therefore, training programs should emphasize ballistic and plyometric exercises.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/12/322combat sportsphysical testsanaerobic assessmentlinear regressionOlympic sports
spellingShingle Gennaro Apollaro
Marco Panascì
Ibrahim Ouergui
Coral Falcó
Emerson Franchini
Piero Ruggeri
Emanuela Faelli
Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes
Sports
combat sports
physical tests
anaerobic assessment
linear regression
Olympic sports
title Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes
title_full Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes
title_fullStr Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes
title_short Influence of Body Composition and Muscle Power Performance on Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test in Taekwondo Athletes
title_sort influence of body composition and muscle power performance on multiple frequency speed of kick test in taekwondo athletes
topic combat sports
physical tests
anaerobic assessment
linear regression
Olympic sports
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/12/322
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