A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing

<b>Background</b>: Conduction system pacing (CSP), encompassing His bundle <i>pacing</i> (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), has emerged as an alternative to conventional pacing methods such as right ventricular pacing (RVP) and biventricular pacing (BVP). This...

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Main Authors: Patrycja Paluszkiewicz, Adrian Martuszewski, Jacek Smereka, Jacek Gajek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1359
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author Patrycja Paluszkiewicz
Adrian Martuszewski
Jacek Smereka
Jacek Gajek
author_facet Patrycja Paluszkiewicz
Adrian Martuszewski
Jacek Smereka
Jacek Gajek
author_sort Patrycja Paluszkiewicz
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Conduction system pacing (CSP), encompassing His bundle <i>pacing</i> (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), has emerged as an alternative to conventional pacing methods such as right ventricular pacing (RVP) and biventricular pacing (BVP). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of CSP versus conventional pacing on left ventricular function and selected clinical and electrophysiological outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: Prospective and retrospective studies (randomized, observational, registry-based) reporting pre-post data or direct comparisons between CSP (HBP, LBBAP) and conventional methods (BVP, RVP) for at least one of LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV, QRS duration, NYHA class, NT-proBNP, R-wave, or pacing threshold were included. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched up to 31 March 2025. Quality assessment (QualSyst), publication bias (Egger’s test, trim-and-fill), subgroup analyses, and meta-regression (follow-up duration) were performed. The review was registered in the INPLASY database (INPLASY202540050). <b>Results</b>: 28 studies (8777 patients, 47 comparisons) were included. CSP significantly improved LVEF (<i>SMD</i> = 1.16; 95%CI: 0.94–1.38), shortened QRS duration (SMD = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.24–1.26), and reduced NYHA class (SMD = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.59–2.29), NT-proBNP levels (SMD = 1.27; 95%CI:0.85–1.69), LVEDV (SMD = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.42–1.38), and LVESV (SMD = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.81–1.81). In head-to-head comparisons, LBBAP and HBP showed similar efficacy, both superior to conventional pacing. Improvement in LVEF significantly correlated with longer follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Publication bias was non-significant (Egger <i>p</i> = 0.15), despite high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> > 90%). <b>Conclusions</b>: CSP demonstrated superior clinical and echocardiographic outcomes compared to conventional pacing. Limitations include the predominance of non-randomized studies, high heterogeneity, and variability in follow-up duration, supporting the need for high-quality randomized trials.
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spelling doaj-art-e53b7078f7bc49348ebe9204fe2eb7e12025-08-20T03:26:17ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-05-01136135910.3390/biomedicines13061359A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional PacingPatrycja Paluszkiewicz0Adrian Martuszewski1Jacek Smereka2Jacek Gajek3Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Parkowa 34, 51-616 Wrocław, PolandDivision of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Parkowa 34, 51-616 Wrocław, PolandMedical Faculty, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland<b>Background</b>: Conduction system pacing (CSP), encompassing His bundle <i>pacing</i> (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), has emerged as an alternative to conventional pacing methods such as right ventricular pacing (RVP) and biventricular pacing (BVP). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of CSP versus conventional pacing on left ventricular function and selected clinical and electrophysiological outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: Prospective and retrospective studies (randomized, observational, registry-based) reporting pre-post data or direct comparisons between CSP (HBP, LBBAP) and conventional methods (BVP, RVP) for at least one of LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV, QRS duration, NYHA class, NT-proBNP, R-wave, or pacing threshold were included. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched up to 31 March 2025. Quality assessment (QualSyst), publication bias (Egger’s test, trim-and-fill), subgroup analyses, and meta-regression (follow-up duration) were performed. The review was registered in the INPLASY database (INPLASY202540050). <b>Results</b>: 28 studies (8777 patients, 47 comparisons) were included. CSP significantly improved LVEF (<i>SMD</i> = 1.16; 95%CI: 0.94–1.38), shortened QRS duration (SMD = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.24–1.26), and reduced NYHA class (SMD = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.59–2.29), NT-proBNP levels (SMD = 1.27; 95%CI:0.85–1.69), LVEDV (SMD = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.42–1.38), and LVESV (SMD = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.81–1.81). In head-to-head comparisons, LBBAP and HBP showed similar efficacy, both superior to conventional pacing. Improvement in LVEF significantly correlated with longer follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Publication bias was non-significant (Egger <i>p</i> = 0.15), despite high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> > 90%). <b>Conclusions</b>: CSP demonstrated superior clinical and echocardiographic outcomes compared to conventional pacing. Limitations include the predominance of non-randomized studies, high heterogeneity, and variability in follow-up duration, supporting the need for high-quality randomized trials.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1359His bundle pacingleft bundle branch area pacingleft bundle branch pacingheart failurebiventricular pacingright ventricular pacing
spellingShingle Patrycja Paluszkiewicz
Adrian Martuszewski
Jacek Smereka
Jacek Gajek
A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing
Biomedicines
His bundle pacing
left bundle branch area pacing
left bundle branch pacing
heart failure
biventricular pacing
right ventricular pacing
title A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing
title_full A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing
title_fullStr A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing
title_full_unstemmed A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing
title_short A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes of Physiological Versus Conventional Pacing
title_sort meta analysis of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of physiological versus conventional pacing
topic His bundle pacing
left bundle branch area pacing
left bundle branch pacing
heart failure
biventricular pacing
right ventricular pacing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1359
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