Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia

Compound eyes (CEs) that feature ultra-compact structures and extraordinary versatility have revealed great potential for cutting-edge applications. However, the optoelectronic integration of CEs with available photodetectors is still challenging because the planar charge-coupled device (CCD)/comple...

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Main Authors: Lin Zhu, Yu-Qing Liu, Jia-Yi Wan, Zhi-Juan Sun, Dong-Dong Han, Qi-Dai Chen, Yong-Lai Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad8738
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author Lin Zhu
Yu-Qing Liu
Jia-Yi Wan
Zhi-Juan Sun
Dong-Dong Han
Qi-Dai Chen
Yong-Lai Zhang
author_facet Lin Zhu
Yu-Qing Liu
Jia-Yi Wan
Zhi-Juan Sun
Dong-Dong Han
Qi-Dai Chen
Yong-Lai Zhang
author_sort Lin Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Compound eyes (CEs) that feature ultra-compact structures and extraordinary versatility have revealed great potential for cutting-edge applications. However, the optoelectronic integration of CEs with available photodetectors is still challenging because the planar charge-coupled device (CCD)/complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector cannot match the spatially distributed images formed by CE ommatidia. To reach this end, we report here the optoelectronic integration of CEs by manufacturing 3D nonuniform ommatidia for developing an ultra-compact on-chip camera. As a proof-of-concept, we fabricated microscale CEs with uniform and nonuniform ommatidia through femtosecond laser two-photon photopolymerization, and compared their focusing/imaging performance both theoretically and experimentally. By engineering the surface profiles of the ommatidia at different positions of the CE, the images formed by all the ommatidia can be tuned on a plane. In this way, the nonuniform CE can be directly integrated with a commercial CMOS photodetector, forming an ultra-compact CE camera. Additionally, we further combine the CE camera with a microfluidic chip, which can further serve as an on-chip microscopic monitoring system. We anticipate that such an ultra-compact CE camera may find broad applications in microfluidics, robotics, and micro-optics.
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publishDate 2024-01-01
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series International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
spelling doaj-art-e530e86ed78c44d7a1fd53e0624db24f2025-08-20T02:49:46ZengIOP PublishingInternational Journal of Extreme Manufacturing2631-79902024-01-017101550210.1088/2631-7990/ad8738Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidiaLin Zhu0Yu-Qing Liu1Jia-Yi Wan2Zhi-Juan Sun3Dong-Dong Han4Qi-Dai Chen5Yong-Lai Zhang6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-250XState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, People’s Republic of China; Zhejiang Laboratory , Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCenter for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaCompound eyes (CEs) that feature ultra-compact structures and extraordinary versatility have revealed great potential for cutting-edge applications. However, the optoelectronic integration of CEs with available photodetectors is still challenging because the planar charge-coupled device (CCD)/complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector cannot match the spatially distributed images formed by CE ommatidia. To reach this end, we report here the optoelectronic integration of CEs by manufacturing 3D nonuniform ommatidia for developing an ultra-compact on-chip camera. As a proof-of-concept, we fabricated microscale CEs with uniform and nonuniform ommatidia through femtosecond laser two-photon photopolymerization, and compared their focusing/imaging performance both theoretically and experimentally. By engineering the surface profiles of the ommatidia at different positions of the CE, the images formed by all the ommatidia can be tuned on a plane. In this way, the nonuniform CE can be directly integrated with a commercial CMOS photodetector, forming an ultra-compact CE camera. Additionally, we further combine the CE camera with a microfluidic chip, which can further serve as an on-chip microscopic monitoring system. We anticipate that such an ultra-compact CE camera may find broad applications in microfluidics, robotics, and micro-optics.https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad8738artificial compound eyestwo-photon photopolymerizationoptical electronic integration
spellingShingle Lin Zhu
Yu-Qing Liu
Jia-Yi Wan
Zhi-Juan Sun
Dong-Dong Han
Qi-Dai Chen
Yong-Lai Zhang
Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
artificial compound eyes
two-photon photopolymerization
optical electronic integration
title Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
title_full Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
title_fullStr Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
title_short Ultra-compact on-chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
title_sort ultra compact on chip camera based on optoelectronic compound eyes with nonuniform ommatidia
topic artificial compound eyes
two-photon photopolymerization
optical electronic integration
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad8738
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