Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023
Abstract This study provides a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation health in Southern Thailand from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the impacts of temperature and water stress on vegetation degradation. Using high-resolution Landsat-derived kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI)...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16293-x |
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| author | Kaleem Mehmood Shoaib Ahmad Anees Fahad Shahzad Sultan Muhammad Qijing Liu Waseem Razzaq Khan Munawar Shah Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn |
| author_facet | Kaleem Mehmood Shoaib Ahmad Anees Fahad Shahzad Sultan Muhammad Qijing Liu Waseem Razzaq Khan Munawar Shah Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn |
| author_sort | Kaleem Mehmood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study provides a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation health in Southern Thailand from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the impacts of temperature and water stress on vegetation degradation. Using high-resolution Landsat-derived kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), alongside precipitation (PPT), soil moisture (SM), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (SR), several key indices were derived such as Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The study offers a robust framework to monitor vegetation health under climate stress by integrating satellite-based indices with detailed climate datasets. Our findings reveal significant temperature-induced stress during critical years like 2005 and 2016, with over 60% of the region experiencing vegetation degradation. Long-term trend analysis indicates that while 22.5% of forested areas show signs of recovery, 3.6% continue to degrade, primarily due to persistent temperature extremes and water stress. Soil moisture emerged as a critical driver during the dry season, positively influencing 11.16% of the region, while solar radiation exhibited mixed effects depending on moisture availability. These insights highlight the complex interplay of climatic drivers on vegetation dynamics, particularly in tropical ecosystems. The study underscores the need for adaptive management strategies to enhance resilience against climate extremes, providing valuable guidance for sustainable land management in Southern Thailand. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e520d26f0e164b29b54d8fe651131efe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e520d26f0e164b29b54d8fe651131efe2025-08-24T11:22:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112610.1038/s41598-025-16293-xExploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023Kaleem Mehmood0Shoaib Ahmad Anees1Fahad Shahzad2Sultan Muhammad3Qijing Liu4Waseem Razzaq Khan5Munawar Shah6Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn7College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityDepartment of Forestry, The University of AgriculturePrecision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry UniversityInstitute of Forest Science, University of SwatCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry UniversityDepartment of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSpace education and GNSS lab, NCGSA, Institute of Space TechnologyKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon CampusAbstract This study provides a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation health in Southern Thailand from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the impacts of temperature and water stress on vegetation degradation. Using high-resolution Landsat-derived kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), alongside precipitation (PPT), soil moisture (SM), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (SR), several key indices were derived such as Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The study offers a robust framework to monitor vegetation health under climate stress by integrating satellite-based indices with detailed climate datasets. Our findings reveal significant temperature-induced stress during critical years like 2005 and 2016, with over 60% of the region experiencing vegetation degradation. Long-term trend analysis indicates that while 22.5% of forested areas show signs of recovery, 3.6% continue to degrade, primarily due to persistent temperature extremes and water stress. Soil moisture emerged as a critical driver during the dry season, positively influencing 11.16% of the region, while solar radiation exhibited mixed effects depending on moisture availability. These insights highlight the complex interplay of climatic drivers on vegetation dynamics, particularly in tropical ecosystems. The study underscores the need for adaptive management strategies to enhance resilience against climate extremes, providing valuable guidance for sustainable land management in Southern Thailand.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16293-xVegetation health indexkNDVILand surface temperatureClimate stressDrought impactsSpatiotemporal analysis |
| spellingShingle | Kaleem Mehmood Shoaib Ahmad Anees Fahad Shahzad Sultan Muhammad Qijing Liu Waseem Razzaq Khan Munawar Shah Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 Scientific Reports Vegetation health index kNDVI Land surface temperature Climate stress Drought impacts Spatiotemporal analysis |
| title | Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 |
| title_full | Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 |
| title_short | Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 |
| title_sort | exploring vegetation health in southern thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023 |
| topic | Vegetation health index kNDVI Land surface temperature Climate stress Drought impacts Spatiotemporal analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16293-x |
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