Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic generated or accelerated healthcare changes, some of which persist thereafter (e.g., healthcare reorganisation, remote consultation). Such changes entail novel risks for patient safety. Methods Aim To compare the characteristics of patient safety incidents w...

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Main Authors: Gerardo Garzón González, Tamara Alonso Safont, Oscar Aguado Arroyo, Cristina Villanueva Sanz, Arancha Luaces Gayán, Esther Zamarrón Fraile, Juan José Jurado Balbuena, Inmaculada Mediavilla Herrera, Research Team “TriggerPrim®”
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Primary Care
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02639-3
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author Gerardo Garzón González
Tamara Alonso Safont
Oscar Aguado Arroyo
Cristina Villanueva Sanz
Arancha Luaces Gayán
Esther Zamarrón Fraile
Juan José Jurado Balbuena
Inmaculada Mediavilla Herrera
Research Team “TriggerPrim®”
author_facet Gerardo Garzón González
Tamara Alonso Safont
Oscar Aguado Arroyo
Cristina Villanueva Sanz
Arancha Luaces Gayán
Esther Zamarrón Fraile
Juan José Jurado Balbuena
Inmaculada Mediavilla Herrera
Research Team “TriggerPrim®”
author_sort Gerardo Garzón González
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic generated or accelerated healthcare changes, some of which persist thereafter (e.g., healthcare reorganisation, remote consultation). Such changes entail novel risks for patient safety. Methods Aim To compare the characteristics of patient safety incidents with harm (PSIH) in primary care before the pandemic and at present. Design and setting Cross-sectional, comparative, observational study conducted within the entire Primary Care Service of the Madrid region with observations at two time points (2018 and 2021/2022). Participants Patients > 18 years of age with at least one consultation in the previous year. The necessary sample size was established at N1 = 2,000 for the first time point and N2 = 2,700 for the second. Sampling was performed by simple randomisation for the first group and by clusters followed by simple randomisation for the second. Main measurements Age, gender, presence of PSIH in the medical record, and characteristics of the PSIH, specifically avoidability, severity, place of occurrence, nature, and contributory factors. Triggers validated in primary care were employed to screen the patients’ medical records and those containing any trigger were reviewed by three nurse-physician teams who underwent previous training. Analysis Comparative analysis using Fisher’s exact test. Results A total of 63 PSIHs and 25 PSIHs were found for the first and second samples, respectively. The comparison of the characteristics of PSIH before the pandemic and currently was: avoidable 62% vs. 52% (p = 0.47), mild 51% vs. 48% (p = 0.57), in the primary care setting 73% vs. 64% (p = 0.47), respectively. Although no statistically significant differences were observed globally in the nature of the incidents (p = 0.13), statistically significant differences were found for diagnostic errors, with pre-pandemic rates of 6% vs. 20% at present (p < 0.05). Finally, no significant differences were found in the contributory factors. Conclusions No differences were found in the avoidability, severity, place of occurrence, or contributory factors of PSIHs before the pandemic and currently. In terms of the nature of these incidents, the outcomes revealed an increase in diagnostic errors (excluding diagnostic tests), which could be attributed to a greater frequency of remote consultations and a decrease in the longitudinality of care resulting from the shortage of professionals.
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spelling doaj-art-e510f0aa813a403da9d15b2fb8b3de502025-08-20T02:49:59ZengBMCBMC Primary Care2731-45532024-11-0125111010.1186/s12875-024-02639-3Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger toolGerardo Garzón González0Tamara Alonso Safont1Oscar Aguado Arroyo2Cristina Villanueva Sanz3Arancha Luaces Gayán4Esther Zamarrón Fraile5Juan José Jurado Balbuena6Inmaculada Mediavilla Herrera7Research Team “TriggerPrim®”8Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Primary Care Management (Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria) Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic generated or accelerated healthcare changes, some of which persist thereafter (e.g., healthcare reorganisation, remote consultation). Such changes entail novel risks for patient safety. Methods Aim To compare the characteristics of patient safety incidents with harm (PSIH) in primary care before the pandemic and at present. Design and setting Cross-sectional, comparative, observational study conducted within the entire Primary Care Service of the Madrid region with observations at two time points (2018 and 2021/2022). Participants Patients > 18 years of age with at least one consultation in the previous year. The necessary sample size was established at N1 = 2,000 for the first time point and N2 = 2,700 for the second. Sampling was performed by simple randomisation for the first group and by clusters followed by simple randomisation for the second. Main measurements Age, gender, presence of PSIH in the medical record, and characteristics of the PSIH, specifically avoidability, severity, place of occurrence, nature, and contributory factors. Triggers validated in primary care were employed to screen the patients’ medical records and those containing any trigger were reviewed by three nurse-physician teams who underwent previous training. Analysis Comparative analysis using Fisher’s exact test. Results A total of 63 PSIHs and 25 PSIHs were found for the first and second samples, respectively. The comparison of the characteristics of PSIH before the pandemic and currently was: avoidable 62% vs. 52% (p = 0.47), mild 51% vs. 48% (p = 0.57), in the primary care setting 73% vs. 64% (p = 0.47), respectively. Although no statistically significant differences were observed globally in the nature of the incidents (p = 0.13), statistically significant differences were found for diagnostic errors, with pre-pandemic rates of 6% vs. 20% at present (p < 0.05). Finally, no significant differences were found in the contributory factors. Conclusions No differences were found in the avoidability, severity, place of occurrence, or contributory factors of PSIHs before the pandemic and currently. In terms of the nature of these incidents, the outcomes revealed an increase in diagnostic errors (excluding diagnostic tests), which could be attributed to a greater frequency of remote consultations and a decrease in the longitudinality of care resulting from the shortage of professionals.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02639-3Patient safetyPatient safety incidentsHarmAdverse eventsAvoidabilitySeverity
spellingShingle Gerardo Garzón González
Tamara Alonso Safont
Oscar Aguado Arroyo
Cristina Villanueva Sanz
Arancha Luaces Gayán
Esther Zamarrón Fraile
Juan José Jurado Balbuena
Inmaculada Mediavilla Herrera
Research Team “TriggerPrim®”
Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
BMC Primary Care
Patient safety
Patient safety incidents
Harm
Adverse events
Avoidability
Severity
title Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
title_full Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
title_fullStr Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
title_full_unstemmed Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
title_short Post-pandemic patient safety: have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed? Comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
title_sort post pandemic patient safety have the characteristics of incidents with harm changed comparative observational study in primary care via review of medical records with a trigger tool
topic Patient safety
Patient safety incidents
Harm
Adverse events
Avoidability
Severity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02639-3
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