Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits

Abstract Microplastic are an emerging environmental contaminant that have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on human health. Ingestion is considered the primary route of human microplastic exposure, with food and beverage contamination being major contributors. This study aimed to eva...

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Main Authors: Alice Refosco, Jutta Dierkes, Tanja Kögel, Simon Nitter Dankel, Johnny Laupsa-Borge, Alessio Gomiero, Damaris Benny Daniel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00129-6
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author Alice Refosco
Jutta Dierkes
Tanja Kögel
Simon Nitter Dankel
Johnny Laupsa-Borge
Alessio Gomiero
Damaris Benny Daniel
author_facet Alice Refosco
Jutta Dierkes
Tanja Kögel
Simon Nitter Dankel
Johnny Laupsa-Borge
Alessio Gomiero
Damaris Benny Daniel
author_sort Alice Refosco
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Microplastic are an emerging environmental contaminant that have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on human health. Ingestion is considered the primary route of human microplastic exposure, with food and beverage contamination being major contributors. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of an existing microplastic extraction protocol, design for rat feces, on human fecal samples and to assess the occurrence, polymer composition and potential dietary sources of microplastic in individuals from Norway. Participants were selected based on their seafood consumption status, categorized in seafood consumers (n = 9) and non-seafood consumers (n = 9). The extraction protocol involved the matrix digestion in 15% H2O2: 5% HNO3 and 10% KOH. Microplastic particles were then identified by µ-FTIR. Microplastic were detected in 17 out of 18 fecal samples with a total of 132 particles and sizes ranging from 12.5 to 4065 μm. Polypropylene was the most prevalent polymer (72%), followed by polyethylene (44%) and polystyrene (16%). There was no significant association between microplastic abundance and seafood consumption, or with other food groups, such as chocolate and chips. These findings suggest that dietary habits alone may not be the primary determinant of microplastic exposure. Moreover, this study highlights the necessity for harmonized microplastic extraction protocols and broader investigations into regional and individual variations in microplastic exposure.
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spelling doaj-art-e506dd511cb94b94ac9e585ae76a4c562025-08-20T03:10:27ZengSpringerOpenMicroplastics and Nanoplastics2662-49662025-06-015111010.1186/s43591-025-00129-6Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habitsAlice Refosco0Jutta Dierkes1Tanja Kögel2Simon Nitter Dankel3Johnny Laupsa-Borge4Alessio Gomiero5Damaris Benny Daniel6Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of BergenCentre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of BergenInstitute of Marine ResearchDepartment of Clinical Science, University of BergenDepartment of Clinical Science, University of BergenNorwegian Research Centre, Department of Climate and EnvironmentCentre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of BergenAbstract Microplastic are an emerging environmental contaminant that have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on human health. Ingestion is considered the primary route of human microplastic exposure, with food and beverage contamination being major contributors. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of an existing microplastic extraction protocol, design for rat feces, on human fecal samples and to assess the occurrence, polymer composition and potential dietary sources of microplastic in individuals from Norway. Participants were selected based on their seafood consumption status, categorized in seafood consumers (n = 9) and non-seafood consumers (n = 9). The extraction protocol involved the matrix digestion in 15% H2O2: 5% HNO3 and 10% KOH. Microplastic particles were then identified by µ-FTIR. Microplastic were detected in 17 out of 18 fecal samples with a total of 132 particles and sizes ranging from 12.5 to 4065 μm. Polypropylene was the most prevalent polymer (72%), followed by polyethylene (44%) and polystyrene (16%). There was no significant association between microplastic abundance and seafood consumption, or with other food groups, such as chocolate and chips. These findings suggest that dietary habits alone may not be the primary determinant of microplastic exposure. Moreover, this study highlights the necessity for harmonized microplastic extraction protocols and broader investigations into regional and individual variations in microplastic exposure.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00129-6MicroplasticHumansFecesSeafoodµFTIR
spellingShingle Alice Refosco
Jutta Dierkes
Tanja Kögel
Simon Nitter Dankel
Johnny Laupsa-Borge
Alessio Gomiero
Damaris Benny Daniel
Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Microplastic
Humans
Feces
Seafood
µFTIR
title Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
title_full Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
title_fullStr Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
title_full_unstemmed Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
title_short Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
title_sort microplastics in human feces a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits
topic Microplastic
Humans
Feces
Seafood
µFTIR
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00129-6
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