Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models

Conclusion: There is an agreement that HRF of less than 30 μm are biomarkers of inflammation in the retina despite having variable intraretinal locations. HRF resulting from the effect of aging can be discerned from AMD based on their quantity and appearance. The results show the importance of HRF a...

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Main Authors: Mohd N. Mat Nor, Colin R. Green, David Squirrell, Monica L. Acosta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Ophthalmology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joph/9573587
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author Mohd N. Mat Nor
Colin R. Green
David Squirrell
Monica L. Acosta
author_facet Mohd N. Mat Nor
Colin R. Green
David Squirrell
Monica L. Acosta
author_sort Mohd N. Mat Nor
collection DOAJ
description Conclusion: There is an agreement that HRF of less than 30 μm are biomarkers of inflammation in the retina despite having variable intraretinal locations. HRF resulting from the effect of aging can be discerned from AMD based on their quantity and appearance. The results show the importance of HRF as a biomarker of ocular disease and confirm that HRF are indicative of an inflammatory eye disorder.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2090-0058
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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series Journal of Ophthalmology
spelling doaj-art-e4fd3eaa043a41c6a71a7aeb7c6cf2202025-08-20T03:26:16ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-00582025-01-01202510.1155/joph/9573587Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal ModelsMohd N. Mat Nor0Colin R. Green1David Squirrell2Monica L. Acosta3School of Optometry and Vision ScienceDepartment of OphthalmologyAuckland District Health BoardSchool of Optometry and Vision ScienceConclusion: There is an agreement that HRF of less than 30 μm are biomarkers of inflammation in the retina despite having variable intraretinal locations. HRF resulting from the effect of aging can be discerned from AMD based on their quantity and appearance. The results show the importance of HRF as a biomarker of ocular disease and confirm that HRF are indicative of an inflammatory eye disorder.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joph/9573587
spellingShingle Mohd N. Mat Nor
Colin R. Green
David Squirrell
Monica L. Acosta
Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models
Journal of Ophthalmology
title Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models
title_full Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models
title_fullStr Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models
title_full_unstemmed Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models
title_short Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models
title_sort retinal hyperreflective foci are biomarkers of ocular disease a scoping review with evidence from humans and insights from animal models
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joph/9573587
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