Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase

<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a highly destructive fungal pathogen, poses a major threat to wheat production. The apoplast is an important space for plant–pathogen interactions. However, no studies have been reported on the secretory proteins of <i>F. graminearum</i> in the wh...

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Main Authors: Pengfeng Li, Ruihua Zhao, Ying Fang, Yujin Fan, Qianyong Hu, Wei Huang, Wujun Ma, Cuijun Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/240
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author Pengfeng Li
Ruihua Zhao
Ying Fang
Yujin Fan
Qianyong Hu
Wei Huang
Wujun Ma
Cuijun Zhang
author_facet Pengfeng Li
Ruihua Zhao
Ying Fang
Yujin Fan
Qianyong Hu
Wei Huang
Wujun Ma
Cuijun Zhang
author_sort Pengfeng Li
collection DOAJ
description <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a highly destructive fungal pathogen, poses a major threat to wheat production. The apoplast is an important space for plant–pathogen interactions. However, no studies have been reported on the secretory proteins of <i>F. graminearum</i> in the wheat apoplast. In this study, we performed mass spectrometry analysis of <i>F. graminearum</i> secretory proteins in wheat apoplast and identified 79 potential secretory proteins. We identified a metalloprotease (referred to as Fg28) and demonstrated its capacity to induce cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Fg28 is strongly up-regulated in the early stages of infection and is secreted into the intercellular space of wheat cells. Full-length Fg28 is required to induce cell death in <i>N. benthamiana</i>. In addition, Fg28 induces an immune response that is independent of BAK1/SOBIR1 and EDS1/PAD4. Furthermore, knocking out <i>Fg28</i> had no effect on morphology or pathogenicity. In conclusion, we have identified a set of <i>F. graminearum</i> secreted proteins in the wheat apoplast and a metalloproteinase that triggers immune response, providing new insights into understanding the interaction between <i>F. graminearum</i> and wheat.
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spelling doaj-art-e4fb43d3ac904d9d91441c88a79927822025-08-20T02:28:15ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-03-0111424010.3390/jof11040240Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 PeptidasePengfeng Li0Ruihua Zhao1Ying Fang2Yujin Fan3Qianyong Hu4Wei Huang5Wujun Ma6Cuijun Zhang7Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCentre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, School of Agriculture Science, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, AustraliaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a highly destructive fungal pathogen, poses a major threat to wheat production. The apoplast is an important space for plant–pathogen interactions. However, no studies have been reported on the secretory proteins of <i>F. graminearum</i> in the wheat apoplast. In this study, we performed mass spectrometry analysis of <i>F. graminearum</i> secretory proteins in wheat apoplast and identified 79 potential secretory proteins. We identified a metalloprotease (referred to as Fg28) and demonstrated its capacity to induce cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Fg28 is strongly up-regulated in the early stages of infection and is secreted into the intercellular space of wheat cells. Full-length Fg28 is required to induce cell death in <i>N. benthamiana</i>. In addition, Fg28 induces an immune response that is independent of BAK1/SOBIR1 and EDS1/PAD4. Furthermore, knocking out <i>Fg28</i> had no effect on morphology or pathogenicity. In conclusion, we have identified a set of <i>F. graminearum</i> secreted proteins in the wheat apoplast and a metalloproteinase that triggers immune response, providing new insights into understanding the interaction between <i>F. graminearum</i> and wheat.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/240<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>wheatsecretory proteinsM43 peptidase
spellingShingle Pengfeng Li
Ruihua Zhao
Ying Fang
Yujin Fan
Qianyong Hu
Wei Huang
Wujun Ma
Cuijun Zhang
Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase
Journal of Fungi
<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>
wheat
secretory proteins
M43 peptidase
title Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase
title_full Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase
title_fullStr Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase
title_full_unstemmed Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase
title_short Proteomic Analysis of the <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Secretory Proteins in Wheat Apoplast Reveals a Cell-Death-Inducing M43 Peptidase
title_sort proteomic analysis of the i fusarium graminearum i secretory proteins in wheat apoplast reveals a cell death inducing m43 peptidase
topic <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>
wheat
secretory proteins
M43 peptidase
url https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/240
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