Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing
Introduction: Raw milk and dairy products can cause a variety of diseases due to environmental pollution. The objectives of this study were to identify the genetic variables, evaluate antibiotic resistance, and isolate microorganisms from raw milk and dairy products. Methodology: Three hundred sa...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20845 |
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| author | Dina Saleh Nora Mahmoud Shymaa Enany Samira Zakeer |
| author_facet | Dina Saleh Nora Mahmoud Shymaa Enany Samira Zakeer |
| author_sort | Dina Saleh |
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Introduction: Raw milk and dairy products can cause a variety of diseases due to environmental pollution. The objectives of this study were to identify the genetic variables, evaluate antibiotic resistance, and isolate microorganisms from raw milk and dairy products.
Methodology: Three hundred samples of raw milk were collected from farmers and marketplaces in Gamasa, Mansoura, and Damietta cities in Egypt. Various bacterial species were isolated using selective culture media, of which 101 (33.6%) were Staphylococcus species, 11 (3.6%) were Escherichia coli, and 1 (0.3%) was Salmonella. The isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests. The disk diffusion method was used to test antibiotic susceptibility. Additionally, resistance genes and virulence factors in 4 randomly selected Staphylococcus species samples were identified through MinION nanopore sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK).
Results: Staphylococcus species showed resistance to antibiotics, including ampicillin (89%) and colistin (94%). Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the molecular traits of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus species. The genes associated with resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus species were examined. Four Staphylococcus samples were randomly selected for extracting DNA and nanopore sequencing. Staphylococcus species exhibited remarkable resistance to colistin because of the presence of putative serine protease proteins (colistinase) or resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps (ACRB gene).
Conclusions: The identification of resistant bacterial strains in unpasteurized milk and dairy products highlights the critical need for strict regulations to limit the overuse of antibacterial treatments in dairy herd management.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4f481f7e61b4d698775bedd2b5f6667 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e4f481f7e61b4d698775bedd2b5f66672025-08-20T02:27:14ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802025-04-01190410.3855/jidc.20845Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencingDina Saleh0Nora Mahmoud1Shymaa Enany2Samira Zakeer3National Food Safety Authority, Damietta, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt Introduction: Raw milk and dairy products can cause a variety of diseases due to environmental pollution. The objectives of this study were to identify the genetic variables, evaluate antibiotic resistance, and isolate microorganisms from raw milk and dairy products. Methodology: Three hundred samples of raw milk were collected from farmers and marketplaces in Gamasa, Mansoura, and Damietta cities in Egypt. Various bacterial species were isolated using selective culture media, of which 101 (33.6%) were Staphylococcus species, 11 (3.6%) were Escherichia coli, and 1 (0.3%) was Salmonella. The isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests. The disk diffusion method was used to test antibiotic susceptibility. Additionally, resistance genes and virulence factors in 4 randomly selected Staphylococcus species samples were identified through MinION nanopore sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK). Results: Staphylococcus species showed resistance to antibiotics, including ampicillin (89%) and colistin (94%). Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the molecular traits of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus species. The genes associated with resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus species were examined. Four Staphylococcus samples were randomly selected for extracting DNA and nanopore sequencing. Staphylococcus species exhibited remarkable resistance to colistin because of the presence of putative serine protease proteins (colistinase) or resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps (ACRB gene). Conclusions: The identification of resistant bacterial strains in unpasteurized milk and dairy products highlights the critical need for strict regulations to limit the overuse of antibacterial treatments in dairy herd management. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20845whole genome sequencingantimicrobial resistancevirulencemilk infection |
| spellingShingle | Dina Saleh Nora Mahmoud Shymaa Enany Samira Zakeer Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing Journal of Infection in Developing Countries whole genome sequencing antimicrobial resistance virulence milk infection |
| title | Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing |
| title_full | Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing |
| title_short | Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from Egypt by whole genome sequencing |
| title_sort | analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of pathogens in dairy products from egypt by whole genome sequencing |
| topic | whole genome sequencing antimicrobial resistance virulence milk infection |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20845 |
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