Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications

Abstract In recent years, a large number of illegal TV box devices have been confiscated in Brazil. According to a news report released in March 2024, an estimated 2.5 million TV boxes were stored in the warehouses of the Federal Revenue Service. Typically, these devices are destroyed, which not onl...

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Main Authors: Gustavo P. C. P. da Luz, Gabriel Massuyoshi Sato, Luis Fernando Gomez Gonzalez, Juliana Freitag Borin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97379-4
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author Gustavo P. C. P. da Luz
Gabriel Massuyoshi Sato
Luis Fernando Gomez Gonzalez
Juliana Freitag Borin
author_facet Gustavo P. C. P. da Luz
Gabriel Massuyoshi Sato
Luis Fernando Gomez Gonzalez
Juliana Freitag Borin
author_sort Gustavo P. C. P. da Luz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In recent years, a large number of illegal TV box devices have been confiscated in Brazil. According to a news report released in March 2024, an estimated 2.5 million TV boxes were stored in the warehouses of the Federal Revenue Service. Typically, these devices are destroyed, which not only incurs significant costs for the government but also generates substantial e-waste. Meanwhile, the advancement of smart city applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning has driven research in edge computing using hardware-constrained devices. This paper explores the feasibility of repurposing TV boxes for edge computing in applications involving people counting in images collected by cameras. We developed a testbed consisting of 20 TV boxes to conduct a thorough evaluation of their resilience and carbon footprint compared to commonly used edge computing equipment. Our findings demonstrate that these repurposed devices can outperform commercially available devices in terms of carbon footprint when using the Brazilian energy matrix, a conclusion drawn after performing over 16 million inferences during a stress test. Specially, the most modern TV box with the lightest model version was the best option in terms of average inferences per day, reliability, and carbon footprint. This study underscores the innovative potential and environmental benefits of repurposing TV boxes for smart city applications, especially when utilizing lightweight machine learning models.
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spelling doaj-art-e4ebe41f4ce944218e20277686f6ac082025-08-20T03:37:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-97379-4Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applicationsGustavo P. C. P. da Luz0Gabriel Massuyoshi Sato1Luis Fernando Gomez Gonzalez2Juliana Freitag Borin3Institute of Computing, University of CampinasInstitute of Computing, University of CampinasInstitute of Computing, University of CampinasInstitute of Computing, University of CampinasAbstract In recent years, a large number of illegal TV box devices have been confiscated in Brazil. According to a news report released in March 2024, an estimated 2.5 million TV boxes were stored in the warehouses of the Federal Revenue Service. Typically, these devices are destroyed, which not only incurs significant costs for the government but also generates substantial e-waste. Meanwhile, the advancement of smart city applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning has driven research in edge computing using hardware-constrained devices. This paper explores the feasibility of repurposing TV boxes for edge computing in applications involving people counting in images collected by cameras. We developed a testbed consisting of 20 TV boxes to conduct a thorough evaluation of their resilience and carbon footprint compared to commonly used edge computing equipment. Our findings demonstrate that these repurposed devices can outperform commercially available devices in terms of carbon footprint when using the Brazilian energy matrix, a conclusion drawn after performing over 16 million inferences during a stress test. Specially, the most modern TV box with the lightest model version was the best option in terms of average inferences per day, reliability, and carbon footprint. This study underscores the innovative potential and environmental benefits of repurposing TV boxes for smart city applications, especially when utilizing lightweight machine learning models.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97379-4
spellingShingle Gustavo P. C. P. da Luz
Gabriel Massuyoshi Sato
Luis Fernando Gomez Gonzalez
Juliana Freitag Borin
Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
Scientific Reports
title Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
title_full Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
title_fullStr Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
title_full_unstemmed Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
title_short Repurposing of TV boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
title_sort repurposing of tv boxes for a circular economy in smart cities applications
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97379-4
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