Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality

Plant growth and crop yield depend on the availability of essential nutrients in sufficient and balanced proportions. However, plants frequently encounter nutrient deficiencies throughout their life cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of individual macronutrient deficiencies on visual s...

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Main Author: Güney AKINOĞLU
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AcademicPres 2025-06-01
Series:Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Online Access:https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/14523
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author Güney AKINOĞLU
author_facet Güney AKINOĞLU
author_sort Güney AKINOĞLU
collection DOAJ
description Plant growth and crop yield depend on the availability of essential nutrients in sufficient and balanced proportions. However, plants frequently encounter nutrient deficiencies throughout their life cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of individual macronutrient deficiencies on visual symptoms, vegetative growth, physiological traits, fruit yield, and quality in tomato plants cultivated in a substrate medium under greenhouse conditions. The experiment, consisting of seven treatments in total, was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments included a complete nutrient solution (control) and six nutrient solutions, each deficient in a single macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, or S). Deficiency treatments induced distinct visual symptoms and impaired leaf morphology and physiological processes. Vegetative growth was severely inhibited by N and P deficiencies, while Mg and S deficiencies caused moderate reductions. N deficiency led to the most significant decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Leaf nutrient levels declined under their respective deficiency treatments. Fruit yield followed the order N > P > K > Mg > Ca > S, whereas K deficiency had the greatest adverse impact on fruit quality, reducing lycopene, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, dry matter content, and fruit size, along with pronounced color changes. Ca and N deficiencies negatively affected fruit firmness and vitamin C content, respectively. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of adequate macronutrient supply for sustaining plant performance, yield, and fruit quality in tomato cultivation.
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spelling doaj-art-e4dbd4e4530444a1b613205a3d4274d62025-08-20T02:42:12ZengAcademicPresNotulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca0255-965X1842-43092025-06-0153210.15835/nbha53214523Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and qualityGüney AKINOĞLU0Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 55200 Atakum, Samsun Plant growth and crop yield depend on the availability of essential nutrients in sufficient and balanced proportions. However, plants frequently encounter nutrient deficiencies throughout their life cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of individual macronutrient deficiencies on visual symptoms, vegetative growth, physiological traits, fruit yield, and quality in tomato plants cultivated in a substrate medium under greenhouse conditions. The experiment, consisting of seven treatments in total, was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments included a complete nutrient solution (control) and six nutrient solutions, each deficient in a single macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, or S). Deficiency treatments induced distinct visual symptoms and impaired leaf morphology and physiological processes. Vegetative growth was severely inhibited by N and P deficiencies, while Mg and S deficiencies caused moderate reductions. N deficiency led to the most significant decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Leaf nutrient levels declined under their respective deficiency treatments. Fruit yield followed the order N > P > K > Mg > Ca > S, whereas K deficiency had the greatest adverse impact on fruit quality, reducing lycopene, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, dry matter content, and fruit size, along with pronounced color changes. Ca and N deficiencies negatively affected fruit firmness and vitamin C content, respectively. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of adequate macronutrient supply for sustaining plant performance, yield, and fruit quality in tomato cultivation. https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/14523fruit yield and qualitymacronutrient deficiencymineral nutritionphysiological responseSolanum lycopersicum L.symptomatology
spellingShingle Güney AKINOĞLU
Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
fruit yield and quality
macronutrient deficiency
mineral nutrition
physiological response
Solanum lycopersicum L.
symptomatology
title Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality
title_full Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality
title_fullStr Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality
title_full_unstemmed Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality
title_short Macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants: impacts on symptomatology, growth, physiology, fruit yield, and quality
title_sort macronutrient deficiencies in tomato plants impacts on symptomatology growth physiology fruit yield and quality
topic fruit yield and quality
macronutrient deficiency
mineral nutrition
physiological response
Solanum lycopersicum L.
symptomatology
url https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/14523
work_keys_str_mv AT guneyakinoglu macronutrientdeficienciesintomatoplantsimpactsonsymptomatologygrowthphysiologyfruityieldandquality