Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) emerges as a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), significantly affecting patient survival. Despite improvements in treatment reducing LN’s morbidity and mortality, existing therapies remain suboptimal, emphasizing the necessity for early detecti...

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Main Authors: Yue Tan, Xueyao Wang, Deyou Zhang, Jiahui Wang, Shuxian Wang, Jinyu Yu, Hao Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Renal Failure
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2479575
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author Yue Tan
Xueyao Wang
Deyou Zhang
Jiahui Wang
Shuxian Wang
Jinyu Yu
Hao Wu
author_facet Yue Tan
Xueyao Wang
Deyou Zhang
Jiahui Wang
Shuxian Wang
Jinyu Yu
Hao Wu
author_sort Yue Tan
collection DOAJ
description Background Lupus nephritis (LN) emerges as a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), significantly affecting patient survival. Despite improvements in treatment reducing LN’s morbidity and mortality, existing therapies remain suboptimal, emphasizing the necessity for early detection to improve patient outcomes.Methods This study employs bioinformatics and machine learning to identify and validate potential LN biomarkers using immunohistochemistry (IHC). It explores the relationship between these biomarkers and the clinical and pathological characteristics of LN, assessing their prognostic significance. The research provides deeper mechanistic insights by employing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Additionally, the study characterizes the immune profiles of LN patients through the CIBERSORT algorithm, focusing on the role of interferon-inducible protein 44 (IFI44) as a key biomarker.Results IFI44 shows elevated expression in LN-affected kidneys, compared to healthy controls. The levels of IFI44 positively correlate with serum creatinine and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and inversely with serum complement C3 and initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Conclusion IFI44 is identified as a promising biomarker for LN, offering potential to refine the assessment of disease progression and predict clinical outcomes. This facilitates the development of more personalized treatment strategies for LN patients.
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spelling doaj-art-e4d8aece3a2e47f0bcb98380a63db3c82025-08-20T03:02:55ZengTaylor & Francis GroupRenal Failure0886-022X1525-60492025-12-0147110.1080/0886022X.2025.2479575Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistryYue Tan0Xueyao Wang1Deyou Zhang2Jiahui Wang3Shuxian Wang4Jinyu Yu5Hao Wu6Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Renal Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaBackground Lupus nephritis (LN) emerges as a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), significantly affecting patient survival. Despite improvements in treatment reducing LN’s morbidity and mortality, existing therapies remain suboptimal, emphasizing the necessity for early detection to improve patient outcomes.Methods This study employs bioinformatics and machine learning to identify and validate potential LN biomarkers using immunohistochemistry (IHC). It explores the relationship between these biomarkers and the clinical and pathological characteristics of LN, assessing their prognostic significance. The research provides deeper mechanistic insights by employing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Additionally, the study characterizes the immune profiles of LN patients through the CIBERSORT algorithm, focusing on the role of interferon-inducible protein 44 (IFI44) as a key biomarker.Results IFI44 shows elevated expression in LN-affected kidneys, compared to healthy controls. The levels of IFI44 positively correlate with serum creatinine and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and inversely with serum complement C3 and initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Conclusion IFI44 is identified as a promising biomarker for LN, offering potential to refine the assessment of disease progression and predict clinical outcomes. This facilitates the development of more personalized treatment strategies for LN patients.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2479575Lupus nephritisinterferon-induced protein 44gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)clinicopathological significance
spellingShingle Yue Tan
Xueyao Wang
Deyou Zhang
Jiahui Wang
Shuxian Wang
Jinyu Yu
Hao Wu
Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
Renal Failure
Lupus nephritis
interferon-induced protein 44
gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)
clinicopathological significance
title Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
title_full Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
title_fullStr Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
title_full_unstemmed Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
title_short Determining IFI44 as a key lupus nephritis’s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
title_sort determining ifi44 as a key lupus nephritis s biomarker through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry
topic Lupus nephritis
interferon-induced protein 44
gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)
clinicopathological significance
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2479575
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