Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study

Abstract Aim The purpose was to clarify the oncological outcomes of rectal cancer (RC) with lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) on high‐resolution MRI (HRMRI), considering preoperative treatments. Methods Two hundred and twelve patients, from 13 hospitals, diagnosed with RC with lateral lymph node...

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Main Authors: Takuya Miura, Kazushige Kawai, Hiromasa Fujita, Shinsuke Kazama, Hideki Ueno, Yusuke Kinugasa, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Hirotoshi Kobayashi, Kenichi Hakamada, Yoichi Ajioka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12873
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author Takuya Miura
Kazushige Kawai
Hiromasa Fujita
Shinsuke Kazama
Hideki Ueno
Yusuke Kinugasa
Kazuhiro Sakamoto
Hirotoshi Kobayashi
Kenichi Hakamada
Yoichi Ajioka
author_facet Takuya Miura
Kazushige Kawai
Hiromasa Fujita
Shinsuke Kazama
Hideki Ueno
Yusuke Kinugasa
Kazuhiro Sakamoto
Hirotoshi Kobayashi
Kenichi Hakamada
Yoichi Ajioka
author_sort Takuya Miura
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aim The purpose was to clarify the oncological outcomes of rectal cancer (RC) with lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) on high‐resolution MRI (HRMRI), considering preoperative treatments. Methods Two hundred and twelve patients, from 13 hospitals, diagnosed with RC with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND), between 2017 and 2019, were prospectively registered. LLNM was defined as a short‐axis size ≥5 mm. Ultimately, this study included 102 patients. Upfront surgery (Upfront), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were performed at each institution's discretion. Results Sixty‐six (64.7%) had mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement, 35 (34.3%) had extramural venous invasion, and 33 (32.4%) had bilateral LLNMs. A positive radial margin (RM1) was observed in nine patients (8.8%), and 35 (34.3%) had pathological LLNM (pLLNM). Overall, 3‐year relapse‐free survival (3yRFS) and local recurrence‐free survival (3yLRFS) were 69.6% and 92.9%. Upfront 3yRFS (N = 54), CRT (N = 23) and NAC (N = 25) constituted 62.9%, 82.6%, and 72.0%; 3yLRFS was 92.4%, 100%, and 88.0%. RM1 and pLLNM were significantly associated with LRFS (RM0 vs. RM1, 3yLRFS 96.7% vs. 50.0%; pLLNM negative vs. positive, 97.0% vs. 84.7%). 3yRFS Upfront non‐MRF (N = 21), post CRT non‐MRF (N = 15), and post NAC non‐MRF (N = 14) were 61.9%, 86.7%, and 100%; 3yLRFS was 90.2%, 100%, and 100%. Conclusions Good local control of Upfront LLND for RC with LLNM was shown, but multidisciplinary treatments were required. CRT followed by surgery was preferable for RC with LLNM, but a radiation‐sparing strategy is promising for post NAC non‐MRF.
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spelling doaj-art-e4cec13c8b5347c7bcd93dd565b625542025-08-20T03:16:24ZengWileyAnnals of Gastroenterological Surgery2475-03282025-03-019230931810.1002/ags3.12873Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection studyTakuya Miura0Kazushige Kawai1Hiromasa Fujita2Shinsuke Kazama3Hideki Ueno4Yusuke Kinugasa5Kazuhiro Sakamoto6Hirotoshi Kobayashi7Kenichi Hakamada8Yoichi Ajioka9Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki JapanDepartment of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Tokyo JapanDepartment of Radiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki JapanDepartment of Surgery Yaizu City Hospital Yaizu JapanDepartment of Surgery National Defense Medical College Saitama JapanDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo JapanDepartment of Coloproctological Surgery Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine Tokyo JapanDepartment of Surgery Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi Kawasaki Kanagawa JapanDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki JapanDivision of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata JapanAbstract Aim The purpose was to clarify the oncological outcomes of rectal cancer (RC) with lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) on high‐resolution MRI (HRMRI), considering preoperative treatments. Methods Two hundred and twelve patients, from 13 hospitals, diagnosed with RC with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND), between 2017 and 2019, were prospectively registered. LLNM was defined as a short‐axis size ≥5 mm. Ultimately, this study included 102 patients. Upfront surgery (Upfront), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were performed at each institution's discretion. Results Sixty‐six (64.7%) had mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement, 35 (34.3%) had extramural venous invasion, and 33 (32.4%) had bilateral LLNMs. A positive radial margin (RM1) was observed in nine patients (8.8%), and 35 (34.3%) had pathological LLNM (pLLNM). Overall, 3‐year relapse‐free survival (3yRFS) and local recurrence‐free survival (3yLRFS) were 69.6% and 92.9%. Upfront 3yRFS (N = 54), CRT (N = 23) and NAC (N = 25) constituted 62.9%, 82.6%, and 72.0%; 3yLRFS was 92.4%, 100%, and 88.0%. RM1 and pLLNM were significantly associated with LRFS (RM0 vs. RM1, 3yLRFS 96.7% vs. 50.0%; pLLNM negative vs. positive, 97.0% vs. 84.7%). 3yRFS Upfront non‐MRF (N = 21), post CRT non‐MRF (N = 15), and post NAC non‐MRF (N = 14) were 61.9%, 86.7%, and 100%; 3yLRFS was 90.2%, 100%, and 100%. Conclusions Good local control of Upfront LLND for RC with LLNM was shown, but multidisciplinary treatments were required. CRT followed by surgery was preferable for RC with LLNM, but a radiation‐sparing strategy is promising for post NAC non‐MRF.https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12873lateral lymph node dissectionlateral lymph node metastasisMRIneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapyneoadjuvant chemotherapyrectal cancer
spellingShingle Takuya Miura
Kazushige Kawai
Hiromasa Fujita
Shinsuke Kazama
Hideki Ueno
Yusuke Kinugasa
Kazuhiro Sakamoto
Hirotoshi Kobayashi
Kenichi Hakamada
Yoichi Ajioka
Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery
lateral lymph node dissection
lateral lymph node metastasis
MRI
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
neoadjuvant chemotherapy
rectal cancer
title Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
title_full Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
title_fullStr Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
title_full_unstemmed Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
title_short Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
title_sort upfront surgery neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis a multicenter mri and lateral lymph node dissection study
topic lateral lymph node dissection
lateral lymph node metastasis
MRI
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
neoadjuvant chemotherapy
rectal cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12873
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