Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion

Microorganisms play a key role in fish spoilage and quality deterioration, making the development of a rapid, accurate, and efficient technique for detecting surface microbes essential for enhancing freshness and ensuring the safety of mandarin fish consumption. This study focused on the total viabl...

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Main Authors: Tao Yuan, Yixiao Ma, Zuyu Guo, Yijian Wang, Liqin Kong, Yaoze Feng, Haopeng Liu, Liang Meng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1468
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author Tao Yuan
Yixiao Ma
Zuyu Guo
Yijian Wang
Liqin Kong
Yaoze Feng
Haopeng Liu
Liang Meng
author_facet Tao Yuan
Yixiao Ma
Zuyu Guo
Yijian Wang
Liqin Kong
Yaoze Feng
Haopeng Liu
Liang Meng
author_sort Tao Yuan
collection DOAJ
description Microorganisms play a key role in fish spoilage and quality deterioration, making the development of a rapid, accurate, and efficient technique for detecting surface microbes essential for enhancing freshness and ensuring the safety of mandarin fish consumption. This study focused on the total viable count (TVC) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> levels in the dorsal and ventral parts of fish, and we constructed a detection model using hyperspectral imaging and data fusion. The results showed that comprehensive and simplified models were successfully developed for quantitative detection across all wavelengths. The models performed best at predicting microbial growth on the dorsal side, with the RAW-CARS-PLSR model proving the most effective at predicting TVC and <i>E. coli</i> counts in that region. The RAW-PLSR model was identified as the optimal predictor of the <i>E. coli</i> concentration on the ventral side. A fusion model in the decision layer constructed using the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence outperformed models relying solely on spectral or textural information, making it an optimal approach for detecting surface microbes in mandarin fish. The best prediction accuracy for dorsal TVC concentration achieved an Rp value of 0.9337, whereas that for ventral TVC concentration reached 0.8443. For the <i>E. coli</i> concentration, the optimal <i>R<sub>p</sub></i> values were 0.8180 for the dorsal section and 0.8512 for separate analysis.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-e4c68d8972304345a1a08d55ea0f6f4e2025-08-20T03:52:56ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01149146810.3390/foods14091468Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information FusionTao Yuan0Yixiao Ma1Zuyu Guo2Yijian Wang3Liqin Kong4Yaoze Feng5Haopeng Liu6Liang Meng7College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMicroorganisms play a key role in fish spoilage and quality deterioration, making the development of a rapid, accurate, and efficient technique for detecting surface microbes essential for enhancing freshness and ensuring the safety of mandarin fish consumption. This study focused on the total viable count (TVC) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> levels in the dorsal and ventral parts of fish, and we constructed a detection model using hyperspectral imaging and data fusion. The results showed that comprehensive and simplified models were successfully developed for quantitative detection across all wavelengths. The models performed best at predicting microbial growth on the dorsal side, with the RAW-CARS-PLSR model proving the most effective at predicting TVC and <i>E. coli</i> counts in that region. The RAW-PLSR model was identified as the optimal predictor of the <i>E. coli</i> concentration on the ventral side. A fusion model in the decision layer constructed using the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence outperformed models relying solely on spectral or textural information, making it an optimal approach for detecting surface microbes in mandarin fish. The best prediction accuracy for dorsal TVC concentration achieved an Rp value of 0.9337, whereas that for ventral TVC concentration reached 0.8443. For the <i>E. coli</i> concentration, the optimal <i>R<sub>p</sub></i> values were 0.8180 for the dorsal section and 0.8512 for separate analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1468hyperspectral technologymandarin fishmicrobesnon-destructive testingfreshness
spellingShingle Tao Yuan
Yixiao Ma
Zuyu Guo
Yijian Wang
Liqin Kong
Yaoze Feng
Haopeng Liu
Liang Meng
Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion
Foods
hyperspectral technology
mandarin fish
microbes
non-destructive testing
freshness
title Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion
title_full Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion
title_fullStr Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion
title_full_unstemmed Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion
title_short Method of Detecting Microorganisms on the Surface of Mandarin Fish Based on Hyperspectral and Information Fusion
title_sort method of detecting microorganisms on the surface of mandarin fish based on hyperspectral and information fusion
topic hyperspectral technology
mandarin fish
microbes
non-destructive testing
freshness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1468
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