The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems
The low-carbon transition of the global energy system is an urgent necessity to address climate change and meet growing energy demand. As a major source of energy consumption and emissions, buildings play a key role in this transition. This study systematically analyzes the flexible resources of bui...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Houze Jiang Shilei Lu Boyang Li Ran Wang |
| author_facet | Houze Jiang Shilei Lu Boyang Li Ran Wang |
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| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The low-carbon transition of the global energy system is an urgent necessity to address climate change and meet growing energy demand. As a major source of energy consumption and emissions, buildings play a key role in this transition. This study systematically analyzes the flexible resources of building energy systems and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction technologies, and mainly focuses on the regulation characteristics and coordination mechanisms of distributed energy supply (renewable energy and multi-energy cogeneration), energy storage (electric/thermal/cooling), and flexible loads (air conditioning and electric vehicles) within regional energy systems. The study reveals that distributed renewable energy and multi-energy cogeneration technologies form an integrated architecture through a complementary “output fluctuation mitigation–cascade energy supply” mechanism, enabling the coordinated optimization of building energy efficiency and grid regulation. Electricity and thermal energy storage serve as dual pillars of flexibility along the “fast response–economic storage” dimension. Air conditioning loads and electric vehicles (EVs) complement each other via thermodynamic regulation and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies, constructing a dual-dimensional regulation mode in terms of both power and time. Ultimately, a dynamic balance system integrating sources, loads, and storage is established, driven by the spatiotemporal complementarity of multi-energy flows. This paper proposes an innovative framework that optimizes energy consumption and enhances grid stability by coordinating distributed renewable energy, energy storage, and flexible loads across multiple time scales. This approach offers a new perspective for achieving sustainable and flexible building energy systems. In addition, this paper explores the application of demand response policies in building energy systems, analyzing the role of policy incentives and market mechanisms in promoting building energy flexibility. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4c518760a634527b35310b3f7638176 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4c518760a634527b35310b3f76381762025-08-20T03:08:05ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011814383010.3390/en18143830The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy SystemsHouze Jiang0Shilei Lu1Boyang Li2Ran Wang3School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaThe low-carbon transition of the global energy system is an urgent necessity to address climate change and meet growing energy demand. As a major source of energy consumption and emissions, buildings play a key role in this transition. This study systematically analyzes the flexible resources of building energy systems and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction technologies, and mainly focuses on the regulation characteristics and coordination mechanisms of distributed energy supply (renewable energy and multi-energy cogeneration), energy storage (electric/thermal/cooling), and flexible loads (air conditioning and electric vehicles) within regional energy systems. The study reveals that distributed renewable energy and multi-energy cogeneration technologies form an integrated architecture through a complementary “output fluctuation mitigation–cascade energy supply” mechanism, enabling the coordinated optimization of building energy efficiency and grid regulation. Electricity and thermal energy storage serve as dual pillars of flexibility along the “fast response–economic storage” dimension. Air conditioning loads and electric vehicles (EVs) complement each other via thermodynamic regulation and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies, constructing a dual-dimensional regulation mode in terms of both power and time. Ultimately, a dynamic balance system integrating sources, loads, and storage is established, driven by the spatiotemporal complementarity of multi-energy flows. This paper proposes an innovative framework that optimizes energy consumption and enhances grid stability by coordinating distributed renewable energy, energy storage, and flexible loads across multiple time scales. This approach offers a new perspective for achieving sustainable and flexible building energy systems. In addition, this paper explores the application of demand response policies in building energy systems, analyzing the role of policy incentives and market mechanisms in promoting building energy flexibility.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3830building energy flexibilitydemand response (DR)electric vehicles (EVs)collaborative responseflexible building loadsgrid interaction |
| spellingShingle | Houze Jiang Shilei Lu Boyang Li Ran Wang The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems Energies building energy flexibility demand response (DR) electric vehicles (EVs) collaborative response flexible building loads grid interaction |
| title | The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems |
| title_full | The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems |
| title_fullStr | The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems |
| title_short | The Power Regulation Characteristics, Key Challenges, and Solution Pathways of Typical Flexible Resources in Regional Energy Systems |
| title_sort | power regulation characteristics key challenges and solution pathways of typical flexible resources in regional energy systems |
| topic | building energy flexibility demand response (DR) electric vehicles (EVs) collaborative response flexible building loads grid interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3830 |
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