Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates

The current study investigated the effect of ultrasonication treatment on the conjugation of whey protein concentrate (WPC) with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) via the Maillard reaction (MR). The degree of glycation (DG) was evaluated by assessing the loss of amino groups using the o-phthaldialdehyde...

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Main Authors: Pallavi Singh, Anirban Roy, Aditi Kundu, Firoz Mondal, Mehulee Sarkar, Supradip Saha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1531089/full
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author Pallavi Singh
Anirban Roy
Aditi Kundu
Firoz Mondal
Mehulee Sarkar
Supradip Saha
author_facet Pallavi Singh
Anirban Roy
Aditi Kundu
Firoz Mondal
Mehulee Sarkar
Supradip Saha
author_sort Pallavi Singh
collection DOAJ
description The current study investigated the effect of ultrasonication treatment on the conjugation of whey protein concentrate (WPC) with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) via the Maillard reaction (MR). The degree of glycation (DG) was evaluated by assessing the loss of amino groups using the o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method, and Maillard-type conjugation was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Ultrasonication significantly accelerated the glycation reaction, achieving a glycation degree of 49.6% in just 60 min, compared to 12.4% over 16 h with conventional heating. This method produced Maillard-type conjugates with reduced browning intensity and improved, controlled protein solubility at acidic pH with higher oligosaccharide ratios, offering valuable potential for protein delivery applications. Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the Maillard reaction (MR) conditions for WPC and FOS.
format Article
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issn 2296-861X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Nutrition
spelling doaj-art-e4c4bd8a8ea64e49a6bfdf06532da9ca2025-08-20T01:49:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-05-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15310891531089Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugatesPallavi Singh0Anirban Roy1Aditi Kundu2Firoz Mondal3Mehulee Sarkar4Supradip Saha5Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaThe current study investigated the effect of ultrasonication treatment on the conjugation of whey protein concentrate (WPC) with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) via the Maillard reaction (MR). The degree of glycation (DG) was evaluated by assessing the loss of amino groups using the o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method, and Maillard-type conjugation was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Ultrasonication significantly accelerated the glycation reaction, achieving a glycation degree of 49.6% in just 60 min, compared to 12.4% over 16 h with conventional heating. This method produced Maillard-type conjugates with reduced browning intensity and improved, controlled protein solubility at acidic pH with higher oligosaccharide ratios, offering valuable potential for protein delivery applications. Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the Maillard reaction (MR) conditions for WPC and FOS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1531089/fullwhey protein concentratefructooligosaccharideultrasonicationMaillard reactionresponse surface methodology
spellingShingle Pallavi Singh
Anirban Roy
Aditi Kundu
Firoz Mondal
Mehulee Sarkar
Supradip Saha
Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates
Frontiers in Nutrition
whey protein concentrate
fructooligosaccharide
ultrasonication
Maillard reaction
response surface methodology
title Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates
title_full Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates
title_fullStr Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates
title_short Ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein-fructooligosaccharide conjugates
title_sort ultrasound assisted maillard reaction for the preparation of whey protein fructooligosaccharide conjugates
topic whey protein concentrate
fructooligosaccharide
ultrasonication
Maillard reaction
response surface methodology
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1531089/full
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AT aditikundu ultrasoundassistedmaillardreactionforthepreparationofwheyproteinfructooligosaccharideconjugates
AT firozmondal ultrasoundassistedmaillardreactionforthepreparationofwheyproteinfructooligosaccharideconjugates
AT mehuleesarkar ultrasoundassistedmaillardreactionforthepreparationofwheyproteinfructooligosaccharideconjugates
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