Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis

This study aims to identify the optimal dosage of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PIP-CHNPs) for enhancing growth performance and health status in heat-stressed fattened rabbits. Eighty healthy 6–week-old rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 20, each receiving dietary supplement...

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Main Authors: Ali A. El-Raghi, Ekramy M. Elmorsy, Mahmoud A. E. Hassan, Aya M. Abdel-Rahman, Reham.A. Elbhnsawy, Ayat B. Al-Ghafari, Huda A. Al Doghaither, Ahd A. Mansour
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2540003
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author Ali A. El-Raghi
Ekramy M. Elmorsy
Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
Aya M. Abdel-Rahman
Reham.A. Elbhnsawy
Ayat B. Al-Ghafari
Huda A. Al Doghaither
Ahd A. Mansour
author_facet Ali A. El-Raghi
Ekramy M. Elmorsy
Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
Aya M. Abdel-Rahman
Reham.A. Elbhnsawy
Ayat B. Al-Ghafari
Huda A. Al Doghaither
Ahd A. Mansour
author_sort Ali A. El-Raghi
collection DOAJ
description This study aims to identify the optimal dosage of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PIP-CHNPs) for enhancing growth performance and health status in heat-stressed fattened rabbits. Eighty healthy 6–week-old rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 20, each receiving dietary supplements of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg PIP-CHNPs per kilogram of diet. The dietary intervention significantly improved growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, physiological responses, dressing percentage, and liver weight. PIP-CHNPs supplementation led to a linear reduction in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, interleukin-4, nuclear factor kappa B, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Conversely, there was a linear increase in immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase activity. The levels of total protein, albumin, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) demonstrated a quadratic increase, reaching their peak at specific doses of PIP-CHNPs: 150 mg/kg for total protein and SOD, 135 mg/kg for albumin, 130 mg/kg for NO and IFN-γ, and 100 mg/kg for TNF-α and CAT. Conversely, liver enzymes activities (ALT, AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed a quadratic decline, with the greatest reductions at 120 mg/kg for ALT and MDA, and 115 mg/kg for AST. PIP-CHNPs supplementation alleviated liver damage caused by heat stress, restoring normal hepatic morphology. The hydrophobic interactions of piperine with antioxidant enzymes and cytokines reduced oxidative damage. In conclusion, 100–150 mg/kg of PIP-CHNPs enhanced growth, oxidative balance, immunity, and inflammation control in fattened rabbits during summer.
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series Italian Journal of Animal Science
spelling doaj-art-e4c3cdc7e7b34f438283c343407f43382025-08-20T04:02:05ZengTaylor & Francis GroupItalian Journal of Animal Science1594-40771828-051X2025-12-012411655167110.1080/1828051X.2025.25400032540003Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysisAli A. El-Raghi0Ekramy M. Elmorsy1Mahmoud A. E. Hassan2Aya M. Abdel-Rahman3Reham.A. Elbhnsawy4Ayat B. Al-Ghafari5Huda A. Al Doghaither6Ahd A. Mansour7Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta UniversityCenter for Health Research, Northern Border UniversityAnimal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of AgricultureAnimal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of AgricultureDepartment of poultry and rabbit diseases, Veterinary teaching hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityExperimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz UniversityBachelor of Science of Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Fakeeh College for Medical SciencesThis study aims to identify the optimal dosage of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PIP-CHNPs) for enhancing growth performance and health status in heat-stressed fattened rabbits. Eighty healthy 6–week-old rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 20, each receiving dietary supplements of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg PIP-CHNPs per kilogram of diet. The dietary intervention significantly improved growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, physiological responses, dressing percentage, and liver weight. PIP-CHNPs supplementation led to a linear reduction in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, interleukin-4, nuclear factor kappa B, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Conversely, there was a linear increase in immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase activity. The levels of total protein, albumin, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) demonstrated a quadratic increase, reaching their peak at specific doses of PIP-CHNPs: 150 mg/kg for total protein and SOD, 135 mg/kg for albumin, 130 mg/kg for NO and IFN-γ, and 100 mg/kg for TNF-α and CAT. Conversely, liver enzymes activities (ALT, AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed a quadratic decline, with the greatest reductions at 120 mg/kg for ALT and MDA, and 115 mg/kg for AST. PIP-CHNPs supplementation alleviated liver damage caused by heat stress, restoring normal hepatic morphology. The hydrophobic interactions of piperine with antioxidant enzymes and cytokines reduced oxidative damage. In conclusion, 100–150 mg/kg of PIP-CHNPs enhanced growth, oxidative balance, immunity, and inflammation control in fattened rabbits during summer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2540003heat stresspiperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticlesgrowing rabbitsgrowth performancehealth status
spellingShingle Ali A. El-Raghi
Ekramy M. Elmorsy
Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
Aya M. Abdel-Rahman
Reham.A. Elbhnsawy
Ayat B. Al-Ghafari
Huda A. Al Doghaither
Ahd A. Mansour
Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis
Italian Journal of Animal Science
heat stress
piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles
growing rabbits
growth performance
health status
title Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis
title_full Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis
title_fullStr Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis
title_full_unstemmed Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis
title_short Effects of piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat-stressed rabbits: a dose-response analysis
title_sort effects of piperine loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and health of heat stressed rabbits a dose response analysis
topic heat stress
piperine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles
growing rabbits
growth performance
health status
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2540003
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