Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging
This study presents a green, one-step approach for the in situ synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles within a sodium caseinate (NaCas) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix, with functionality enhanced by thymol essential oil. Acting as a natural reducing agent, thymol facilitated ZnO synthesis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925001173 |
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| author | Bai Qu Zhenlei Xiao Yangchao Luo |
| author_facet | Bai Qu Zhenlei Xiao Yangchao Luo |
| author_sort | Bai Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a green, one-step approach for the in situ synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles within a sodium caseinate (NaCas) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix, with functionality enhanced by thymol essential oil. Acting as a natural reducing agent, thymol facilitated ZnO synthesis within the NaCas-CMC matrix. The film prepared with 300 mg zinc nitrate and 100 mg thymol essential oil had a low swelling rate due to in situ ZnO formation, which regulated the microstructure and enhanced hydrophobicity. The ZnO-infused NaCas-CMC biocomposite films exhibited enhanced UV shielding and water resistance, attributed to the uniform dispersion of ZnO particles and their synergistic interaction with thymol. Antibacterial assays demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against key foodborne pathogens, includingListeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12). When applied to cheddar cheese, the films significantly suppressed microbial growth and effectively prevented external contamination, maintaining product safety over 20 days of refrigerated storage. Overall, this research highlights the potential of a green synthesis approach to develop multifunctional packaging films that enhance food safety while supporting sustainable practices, offering a promising alternative to conventional food packaging materials. Notably, this is the first report to describe the in situ synthesis of ZnO within a self-assembled caseinate film containing thymol essential oil, employing a surfactant-free and environmentally friendly processing method. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4b95f15cf3142b68632ab16cb7b30ea |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-8939 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4b95f15cf3142b68632ab16cb7b30ea2025-08-20T02:39:35ZengElsevierCarbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications2666-89392025-06-011010077910.1016/j.carpta.2025.100779Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packagingBai Qu0Zhenlei Xiao1Yangchao Luo2Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United StatesDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United StatesCorresponding author at: Nanotechnology and Biodelivery Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United StatesThis study presents a green, one-step approach for the in situ synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles within a sodium caseinate (NaCas) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix, with functionality enhanced by thymol essential oil. Acting as a natural reducing agent, thymol facilitated ZnO synthesis within the NaCas-CMC matrix. The film prepared with 300 mg zinc nitrate and 100 mg thymol essential oil had a low swelling rate due to in situ ZnO formation, which regulated the microstructure and enhanced hydrophobicity. The ZnO-infused NaCas-CMC biocomposite films exhibited enhanced UV shielding and water resistance, attributed to the uniform dispersion of ZnO particles and their synergistic interaction with thymol. Antibacterial assays demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against key foodborne pathogens, includingListeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12). When applied to cheddar cheese, the films significantly suppressed microbial growth and effectively prevented external contamination, maintaining product safety over 20 days of refrigerated storage. Overall, this research highlights the potential of a green synthesis approach to develop multifunctional packaging films that enhance food safety while supporting sustainable practices, offering a promising alternative to conventional food packaging materials. Notably, this is the first report to describe the in situ synthesis of ZnO within a self-assembled caseinate film containing thymol essential oil, employing a surfactant-free and environmentally friendly processing method.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925001173Zinc oxide (ZnO)Green synthesisBiocomposite filmsAntibacterial packagingSustainable food safetyCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) |
| spellingShingle | Bai Qu Zhenlei Xiao Yangchao Luo Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications Zinc oxide (ZnO) Green synthesis Biocomposite films Antibacterial packaging Sustainable food safety Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) |
| title | Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging |
| title_full | Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging |
| title_fullStr | Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging |
| title_short | Facile in situ synthesis of ZnO-infused caseinate/carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging |
| title_sort | facile in situ synthesis of zno infused caseinate carboxymethyl cellulose films with antibacterial properties for cheddar cheese packaging |
| topic | Zinc oxide (ZnO) Green synthesis Biocomposite films Antibacterial packaging Sustainable food safety Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925001173 |
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