Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage
A theoretical model is presented for the accurate detection of a gas leak source through a pinhole in a cylindrical storage vessel using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Pinholes of various diameters ranging from 0.20 to 1.2 mm were installed as leak sources, and safe N<sub>2</sub>...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Jun-Gill Kang Kwang Bok Kim Kyung Hwan Koh Bong Ki Kim |
| author_facet | Jun-Gill Kang Kwang Bok Kim Kyung Hwan Koh Bong Ki Kim |
| author_sort | Jun-Gill Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A theoretical model is presented for the accurate detection of a gas leak source through a pinhole in a cylindrical storage vessel using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Pinholes of various diameters ranging from 0.20 to 1.2 mm were installed as leak sources, and safe N<sub>2</sub> was used as a filler gas. AE signals were measured and analyzed in terms of AE parameters (such as frequency, amplitude and RMS) as a function of angle and axial distance. Among them, the amplitude characteristic was the most important parameter to determine the leakage dynamics of AE with a continuous waveform. The simulation of AE amplitude was performed using the theoretical model for AE. For practical applications, the theoretical formula was modified into two semi-empirical equations by introducing the normalization method to fit the angular and axial characteristics of the observed AE amplitude, respectively. The main finding of this study is that the semi-empirical equations provide an accurate solution for leak source localization in the cylindrical vessel. As a priori knowledge, the value of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>κ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in Green’s function, which determines the angular and axial dependence of the AE amplitude, was determined by applying external excitation to the cylinder surface. The proposed formulas provide a suitable approach for practical application in the localization of leak sources in cylindrical storage tanks. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e4b8ab90c252415bb3e73c84ddf683852025-08-20T02:59:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-01159507210.3390/app15095072Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical StorageJun-Gill Kang0Kwang Bok Kim1Kyung Hwan Koh2Bong Ki Kim3Rm #306, Integrity Diagnostics Korea (IDK), IT Venture Town, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaRm #306, Integrity Diagnostics Korea (IDK), IT Venture Town, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaRm #306, Integrity Diagnostics Korea (IDK), IT Venture Town, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaRm #306, Integrity Diagnostics Korea (IDK), IT Venture Town, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Republic of KoreaA theoretical model is presented for the accurate detection of a gas leak source through a pinhole in a cylindrical storage vessel using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Pinholes of various diameters ranging from 0.20 to 1.2 mm were installed as leak sources, and safe N<sub>2</sub> was used as a filler gas. AE signals were measured and analyzed in terms of AE parameters (such as frequency, amplitude and RMS) as a function of angle and axial distance. Among them, the amplitude characteristic was the most important parameter to determine the leakage dynamics of AE with a continuous waveform. The simulation of AE amplitude was performed using the theoretical model for AE. For practical applications, the theoretical formula was modified into two semi-empirical equations by introducing the normalization method to fit the angular and axial characteristics of the observed AE amplitude, respectively. The main finding of this study is that the semi-empirical equations provide an accurate solution for leak source localization in the cylindrical vessel. As a priori knowledge, the value of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>κ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in Green’s function, which determines the angular and axial dependence of the AE amplitude, was determined by applying external excitation to the cylinder surface. The proposed formulas provide a suitable approach for practical application in the localization of leak sources in cylindrical storage tanks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5072acoustic emissionamplitudeanalytical modelingsemi-empirical equationleak source localization |
| spellingShingle | Jun-Gill Kang Kwang Bok Kim Kyung Hwan Koh Bong Ki Kim Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage Applied Sciences acoustic emission amplitude analytical modeling semi-empirical equation leak source localization |
| title | Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage |
| title_full | Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage |
| title_fullStr | Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage |
| title_short | Analytical Model and Gas Leak Source Localization Based on Acoustic Emission for Cylindrical Storage |
| title_sort | analytical model and gas leak source localization based on acoustic emission for cylindrical storage |
| topic | acoustic emission amplitude analytical modeling semi-empirical equation leak source localization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jungillkang analyticalmodelandgasleaksourcelocalizationbasedonacousticemissionforcylindricalstorage AT kwangbokkim analyticalmodelandgasleaksourcelocalizationbasedonacousticemissionforcylindricalstorage AT kyunghwankoh analyticalmodelandgasleaksourcelocalizationbasedonacousticemissionforcylindricalstorage AT bongkikim analyticalmodelandgasleaksourcelocalizationbasedonacousticemissionforcylindricalstorage |