Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method
In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the study of muons from kaon (<i>K</i>) and pion (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inlin...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Zuman Zhang Sha Li Ning Yu Hongge Xu Yuanmeng Xiong Kun Liu |
| author_facet | Zuman Zhang Sha Li Ning Yu Hongge Xu Yuanmeng Xiong Kun Liu |
| author_sort | Zuman Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the study of muons from kaon (<i>K</i>) and pion (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) decays provides insights into hadron production and propagation in the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). This paper investigates muon yields from <i>K</i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> decays in Pb–Pb collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>NN</mi></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> TeV using a fast simulation method. We employ a fast Monte Carlo procedure to estimate muon yields from charged kaons and pions. The simulation involves generating pions and kaons with uniform <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <i>y</i> distributions, simulating their decay kinematics via PYTHIA, and reweighting to match the physical spectra. Our results show the transverse momentum distributions of muons from <i>K</i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> decays at forward rapidity (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>2.5</mn><mo><</mo><mi>y</mi><mo><</mo><mn>4.0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) for different centrality classes. The systematic uncertainties are primarily from the mid-rapidity charged <i>K</i>/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> spectra and rapidity-dependent <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>AA</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> uncertainties. The muon yields from pion and kaon decays exhibit consistency across centrality classes in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> range of 3–10 GeV/<i>c</i>. This study contributes to understanding hadronic interactions and decay kinematics in heavy-ion collisions, offering references for investigating pion and kaon decay channels and hot medium effects. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2571-712X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Particles |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4b40d840cb9431a9c76263be1e2a0f02025-08-20T03:27:32ZengMDPI AGParticles2571-712X2025-06-01825910.3390/particles8020059Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation MethodZuman Zhang0Sha Li1Ning Yu2Hongge Xu3Yuanmeng Xiong4Kun Liu5School of Physics and Mechanical Electrical & Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanical Electrical & Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanical Electrical & Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanical Electrical & Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanical Electrical & Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanical Electrical & Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, ChinaIn ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the study of muons from kaon (<i>K</i>) and pion (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) decays provides insights into hadron production and propagation in the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). This paper investigates muon yields from <i>K</i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> decays in Pb–Pb collisions at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>NN</mi></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> TeV using a fast simulation method. We employ a fast Monte Carlo procedure to estimate muon yields from charged kaons and pions. The simulation involves generating pions and kaons with uniform <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <i>y</i> distributions, simulating their decay kinematics via PYTHIA, and reweighting to match the physical spectra. Our results show the transverse momentum distributions of muons from <i>K</i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> decays at forward rapidity (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>2.5</mn><mo><</mo><mi>y</mi><mo><</mo><mn>4.0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) for different centrality classes. The systematic uncertainties are primarily from the mid-rapidity charged <i>K</i>/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> spectra and rapidity-dependent <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>AA</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> uncertainties. The muon yields from pion and kaon decays exhibit consistency across centrality classes in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> range of 3–10 GeV/<i>c</i>. This study contributes to understanding hadronic interactions and decay kinematics in heavy-ion collisions, offering references for investigating pion and kaon decay channels and hot medium effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/8/2/59decay muonquark-gluon plasma |
| spellingShingle | Zuman Zhang Sha Li Ning Yu Hongge Xu Yuanmeng Xiong Kun Liu Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method Particles decay muon quark-gluon plasma |
| title | Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method |
| title_full | Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method |
| title_fullStr | Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method |
| title_short | Investigating <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Decay Muon Yields Using <i>K</i>/<i>π</i> Yields and a Fast Simulation Method |
| title_sort | investigating i k i i π i decay muon yields using i k i i π i yields and a fast simulation method |
| topic | decay muon quark-gluon plasma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/8/2/59 |
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