Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches
Tumor whole-cell vaccines are designed to introduce a wide range of tumor-associated antigens into the body to counteract the immunosuppression caused by tumors. In cases of lymphoma of which the specific antigen is not yet determined, the tumor whole-cell vaccine offers distinct advantages. However...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Wenxin Fu Qianqian Li Jingyi Sheng Haoan Wu Ming Ma Yu Zhang |
| author_facet | Wenxin Fu Qianqian Li Jingyi Sheng Haoan Wu Ming Ma Yu Zhang |
| author_sort | Wenxin Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tumor whole-cell vaccines are designed to introduce a wide range of tumor-associated antigens into the body to counteract the immunosuppression caused by tumors. In cases of lymphoma of which the specific antigen is not yet determined, the tumor whole-cell vaccine offers distinct advantages. However, there is still a lack of research on an effective preparation method for the lymphoma whole-cell vaccine. To solve this challenge, we prepared a whole-cell vaccine derived from non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma (A20) via the photothermal effect mediated by Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs). The immune activation effect of this vaccine against lymphoma was verified at the cellular level. The PBNPs-treated A20 cells underwent immunogenic cell death (ICD), causing the loss of their ability to form tumors while retaining their ability to trigger an immune response. A20 cells that experienced ICD were further ultrasonically crushed to prepare the A20 whole-cell vaccine with exposed antigens and enhanced immunogenicity. The A20 whole-cell vaccine was able to activate the dendritic cells (DCs) to present antigens to T cells and trigger specific immune responses against lymphoma. Whole-cell vaccines are primarily administered through direct injection, a method that often results in low delivery efficiency and poor patient compliance. Comparatively, the microneedle patch system provides intradermal delivery, offering enhanced lymphatic absorption and improved patient adherence due to its minimally invasive approach. Thus, we developed a porous microneedle patch system for whole-cell vaccine delivery using Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel and n-arm-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (n-arm-PLGA). This whole-cell vaccine combined with porous gel microneedle patch delivery system has the potential to become a simple immunotherapy method with controllable production and represents a promising new direction for the treatment of lymphoma. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4aecefb13744829a63b1a4c985d70e0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e4aecefb13744829a63b1a4c985d70e02025-08-20T02:53:43ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612024-12-01101283810.3390/gels10120838Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles PatchesWenxin Fu0Qianqian Li1Jingyi Sheng2Haoan Wu3Ming Ma4Yu Zhang5State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, ChinaTumor whole-cell vaccines are designed to introduce a wide range of tumor-associated antigens into the body to counteract the immunosuppression caused by tumors. In cases of lymphoma of which the specific antigen is not yet determined, the tumor whole-cell vaccine offers distinct advantages. However, there is still a lack of research on an effective preparation method for the lymphoma whole-cell vaccine. To solve this challenge, we prepared a whole-cell vaccine derived from non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma (A20) via the photothermal effect mediated by Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs). The immune activation effect of this vaccine against lymphoma was verified at the cellular level. The PBNPs-treated A20 cells underwent immunogenic cell death (ICD), causing the loss of their ability to form tumors while retaining their ability to trigger an immune response. A20 cells that experienced ICD were further ultrasonically crushed to prepare the A20 whole-cell vaccine with exposed antigens and enhanced immunogenicity. The A20 whole-cell vaccine was able to activate the dendritic cells (DCs) to present antigens to T cells and trigger specific immune responses against lymphoma. Whole-cell vaccines are primarily administered through direct injection, a method that often results in low delivery efficiency and poor patient compliance. Comparatively, the microneedle patch system provides intradermal delivery, offering enhanced lymphatic absorption and improved patient adherence due to its minimally invasive approach. Thus, we developed a porous microneedle patch system for whole-cell vaccine delivery using Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel and n-arm-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (n-arm-PLGA). This whole-cell vaccine combined with porous gel microneedle patch delivery system has the potential to become a simple immunotherapy method with controllable production and represents a promising new direction for the treatment of lymphoma.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/12/838whole-cell vaccinelymphomaimmunotherapygel microneedle patchPrussian bluegelatin methacryloyl |
| spellingShingle | Wenxin Fu Qianqian Li Jingyi Sheng Haoan Wu Ming Ma Yu Zhang Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches Gels whole-cell vaccine lymphoma immunotherapy gel microneedle patch Prussian blue gelatin methacryloyl |
| title | Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches |
| title_full | Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches |
| title_fullStr | Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches |
| title_short | Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches |
| title_sort | whole cell vaccine preparation through prussian blue nanoparticles elicited immunogenic cell death and loading in gel microneedles patches |
| topic | whole-cell vaccine lymphoma immunotherapy gel microneedle patch Prussian blue gelatin methacryloyl |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/12/838 |
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