FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol

As threats in the maritime domain diversify, securing data transmission becomes critical for underwater wireless networks designed for the surveillance of critical infrastructure and maritime border protection. This has sparked interest in underwater Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In this paper, we...

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Main Authors: Burak Kebapci, Vecdi Emre Levent, Sude Ergin, Gorkem Mutlu, Ibrahim Baglica, Anilcan Tosun, Pietro Paglierani, Konstantinos Pelekanakis, Roberto Petroccia, Joao Alves, Murat Uysal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2023-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10155489/
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author Burak Kebapci
Vecdi Emre Levent
Sude Ergin
Gorkem Mutlu
Ibrahim Baglica
Anilcan Tosun
Pietro Paglierani
Konstantinos Pelekanakis
Roberto Petroccia
Joao Alves
Murat Uysal
author_facet Burak Kebapci
Vecdi Emre Levent
Sude Ergin
Gorkem Mutlu
Ibrahim Baglica
Anilcan Tosun
Pietro Paglierani
Konstantinos Pelekanakis
Roberto Petroccia
Joao Alves
Murat Uysal
author_sort Burak Kebapci
collection DOAJ
description As threats in the maritime domain diversify, securing data transmission becomes critical for underwater wireless networks designed for the surveillance of critical infrastructure and maritime border protection. This has sparked interest in underwater Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In this paper, we present an FPGA-based real-time implementation of an underwater QKD system based on the BB84 protocol. The QKD unit is built on a hybrid computation system consisting of an FPGA and an on-board computer (OBC) interfaced with optical front-ends. A real-time photon counting module is implemented on FPGA. The transmitter and receiver units are powered with external UPS and all system parameters can be monitored from the connected computers. The system is equipped with a visible laser and an alignment indicator to validate successful manual alignment. Secure key distribution at a rate of 100 qubits per second was successfully tested over a link distance of 7 meters.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1943-0655
language English
publishDate 2023-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Photonics Journal
spelling doaj-art-e4a4ac3cd94d4dd1992033c1e9eb56782025-08-20T03:32:50ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552023-01-0115411010.1109/JPHOT.2023.328749310155489FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 ProtocolBurak Kebapci0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-3880Vecdi Emre Levent1Sude Ergin2Gorkem Mutlu3Ibrahim Baglica4Anilcan Tosun5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-2230Pietro Paglierani6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-0848Konstantinos Pelekanakis7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-3458Roberto Petroccia8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-2457Joao Alves9Murat Uysal10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-0813Hyperion Technologies, Istanbul, TurkeyHyperion Technologies, Istanbul, TurkeyHyperion Technologies, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, TurkeyHyperion Technologies, Istanbul, TurkeyNATO STO-CMRE, La Spezia, ItalyNATO STO-CMRE, La Spezia, ItalyNATO STO-CMRE, La Spezia, ItalyNATO STO-CMRE, La Spezia, ItalyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, TurkeyAs threats in the maritime domain diversify, securing data transmission becomes critical for underwater wireless networks designed for the surveillance of critical infrastructure and maritime border protection. This has sparked interest in underwater Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In this paper, we present an FPGA-based real-time implementation of an underwater QKD system based on the BB84 protocol. The QKD unit is built on a hybrid computation system consisting of an FPGA and an on-board computer (OBC) interfaced with optical front-ends. A real-time photon counting module is implemented on FPGA. The transmitter and receiver units are powered with external UPS and all system parameters can be monitored from the connected computers. The system is equipped with a visible laser and an alignment indicator to validate successful manual alignment. Secure key distribution at a rate of 100 qubits per second was successfully tested over a link distance of 7 meters.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10155489/Quantum key distributionunderwater communicationBB84 protocol
spellingShingle Burak Kebapci
Vecdi Emre Levent
Sude Ergin
Gorkem Mutlu
Ibrahim Baglica
Anilcan Tosun
Pietro Paglierani
Konstantinos Pelekanakis
Roberto Petroccia
Joao Alves
Murat Uysal
FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol
IEEE Photonics Journal
Quantum key distribution
underwater communication
BB84 protocol
title FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol
title_full FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol
title_fullStr FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol
title_full_unstemmed FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol
title_short FPGA-Based Implementation of an Underwater Quantum Key Distribution System With BB84 Protocol
title_sort fpga based implementation of an underwater quantum key distribution system with bb84 protocol
topic Quantum key distribution
underwater communication
BB84 protocol
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10155489/
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