Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat
Abstract Powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Bgt), is a constant threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although ∼100 powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes and alleles have been identified in wheat and its re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-03-01
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| Series: | The Plant Genome |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20493 |
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| author | Dhondup Lhamo Genqiao Li George Song Xuehui Li Taner Z. Sen Yong‐Qiang Gu Xiangyang Xu Steven S. Xu |
| author_facet | Dhondup Lhamo Genqiao Li George Song Xuehui Li Taner Z. Sen Yong‐Qiang Gu Xiangyang Xu Steven S. Xu |
| author_sort | Dhondup Lhamo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Bgt), is a constant threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although ∼100 powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes and alleles have been identified in wheat and its relatives, more is needed to minimize Bgt’s fast evolving virulence. In tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), wild emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.] accessions from Israel have contributed many Pm resistance genes. However, the diverse genetic reservoirs of cultivated emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.] have not been fully exploited. In the present study, we evaluated a diverse panel of 174 cultivated emmer accessions for their reaction to Bgt isolate OKS(14)‐B‐3‐1 and found that 66% of accessions, particularly those of Ethiopian (30.5%) and Indian (6.3%) origins, exhibited high resistance. To determine the genetic basis of Bgt resistance in the panel, genome‐wide association studies were performed using 46,383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotype‐by‐sequencing and 4331 SNPs from the 9K SNP Infinium array. Twenty‐five significant SNP markers were identified to be associated with Bgt resistance, of which 21 SNPs are likely novel loci, whereas four possibly represent emmer derived Pm4a, Pm5a, PmG16, and Pm64. Most novel loci exhibited minor effects, whereas three novel loci on chromosome arms 2AS, 3BS, and 5AL had major effect on the phenotypic variance. This study demonstrates cultivated emmer as a rich source of powdery mildew resistance, and the resistant accessions and novel loci found herein can be utilized in wheat breeding programs to enhance Bgt resistance in wheat. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4a38372364046fc862b6d2ddcfd93e3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1940-3372 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Plant Genome |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4a38372364046fc862b6d2ddcfd93e32025-08-20T01:50:06ZengWileyThe Plant Genome1940-33722025-03-01181n/an/a10.1002/tpg2.20493Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheatDhondup Lhamo0Genqiao Li1George Song2Xuehui Li3Taner Z. Sen4Yong‐Qiang Gu5Xiangyang Xu6Steven S. Xu7USDA‐ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center Albany California USAUSDA‐ARS Peanut and Small Grains Research Unit Stillwater Oklahoma USAUSDA‐ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center Albany California USADepartment of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USAUSDA‐ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center Albany California USAUSDA‐ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center Albany California USAUSDA‐ARS Peanut and Small Grains Research Unit Stillwater Oklahoma USAUSDA‐ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center Albany California USAAbstract Powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Bgt), is a constant threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Although ∼100 powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes and alleles have been identified in wheat and its relatives, more is needed to minimize Bgt’s fast evolving virulence. In tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), wild emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.] accessions from Israel have contributed many Pm resistance genes. However, the diverse genetic reservoirs of cultivated emmer wheat [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.] have not been fully exploited. In the present study, we evaluated a diverse panel of 174 cultivated emmer accessions for their reaction to Bgt isolate OKS(14)‐B‐3‐1 and found that 66% of accessions, particularly those of Ethiopian (30.5%) and Indian (6.3%) origins, exhibited high resistance. To determine the genetic basis of Bgt resistance in the panel, genome‐wide association studies were performed using 46,383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotype‐by‐sequencing and 4331 SNPs from the 9K SNP Infinium array. Twenty‐five significant SNP markers were identified to be associated with Bgt resistance, of which 21 SNPs are likely novel loci, whereas four possibly represent emmer derived Pm4a, Pm5a, PmG16, and Pm64. Most novel loci exhibited minor effects, whereas three novel loci on chromosome arms 2AS, 3BS, and 5AL had major effect on the phenotypic variance. This study demonstrates cultivated emmer as a rich source of powdery mildew resistance, and the resistant accessions and novel loci found herein can be utilized in wheat breeding programs to enhance Bgt resistance in wheat.https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20493 |
| spellingShingle | Dhondup Lhamo Genqiao Li George Song Xuehui Li Taner Z. Sen Yong‐Qiang Gu Xiangyang Xu Steven S. Xu Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat The Plant Genome |
| title | Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat |
| title_full | Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat |
| title_fullStr | Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat |
| title_short | Genome‐wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat |
| title_sort | genome wide association studies on resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated emmer wheat |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20493 |
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