Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective

The growing number of reinforced concrete (RC) structures nearing the end of their service life demands innovative strategies for preservation and retrofitting. Environmental degradation, aging infrastructure, and increased loading demands highlight the need for sustainable, durable, and cost-effect...

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Main Author: Cameron R. Rusnak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Infrastructures
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/99
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author Cameron R. Rusnak
author_facet Cameron R. Rusnak
author_sort Cameron R. Rusnak
collection DOAJ
description The growing number of reinforced concrete (RC) structures nearing the end of their service life demands innovative strategies for preservation and retrofitting. Environmental degradation, aging infrastructure, and increased loading demands highlight the need for sustainable, durable, and cost-effective solutions. This paper reviews advancements in preserving and retrofitting RC and concrete infrastructure systems. Innovations include low-carbon binders, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), geopolymer concrete, and self-healing technologies to enhance durability and reduce environmental impact. Advanced retrofitting techniques, particularly fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems, modularized steel reinforcement, and hybrid approaches, effectively improve resilience against environmental and operational stresses. Computational tools and machine learning offer promising pathways for optimizing mixture designs and enhancing sustainability. However, critical challenges remain, including scalability issues, performance variability, economic feasibility, and the lack of standardized guidelines. Addressing these challenges will require coordinated efforts across academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to establish performance-based guidelines, develop standardized testing protocols, and conduct comprehensive lifecycle assessments. The findings of this review contribute valuable insights for enhancing infrastructure resilience, reducing environmental impacts, and supporting global sustainability initiatives aimed at achieving net-zero emissions and climate resilience.
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spelling doaj-art-e49fffae67e6451bb6700858248712f32025-08-20T03:13:31ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112025-04-011049910.3390/infrastructures10040099Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and PerspectiveCameron R. Rusnak0Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Lincoln University Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USAThe growing number of reinforced concrete (RC) structures nearing the end of their service life demands innovative strategies for preservation and retrofitting. Environmental degradation, aging infrastructure, and increased loading demands highlight the need for sustainable, durable, and cost-effective solutions. This paper reviews advancements in preserving and retrofitting RC and concrete infrastructure systems. Innovations include low-carbon binders, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), geopolymer concrete, and self-healing technologies to enhance durability and reduce environmental impact. Advanced retrofitting techniques, particularly fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems, modularized steel reinforcement, and hybrid approaches, effectively improve resilience against environmental and operational stresses. Computational tools and machine learning offer promising pathways for optimizing mixture designs and enhancing sustainability. However, critical challenges remain, including scalability issues, performance variability, economic feasibility, and the lack of standardized guidelines. Addressing these challenges will require coordinated efforts across academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to establish performance-based guidelines, develop standardized testing protocols, and conduct comprehensive lifecycle assessments. The findings of this review contribute valuable insights for enhancing infrastructure resilience, reducing environmental impacts, and supporting global sustainability initiatives aimed at achieving net-zero emissions and climate resilience.https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/99sustainable infrastructureretrofittingfiber-reinforced polymersgeopolymer concretelifecycle assessmentresilience
spellingShingle Cameron R. Rusnak
Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective
Infrastructures
sustainable infrastructure
retrofitting
fiber-reinforced polymers
geopolymer concrete
lifecycle assessment
resilience
title Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective
title_full Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective
title_fullStr Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective
title_short Sustainable Strategies for Concrete Infrastructure Preservation: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective
title_sort sustainable strategies for concrete infrastructure preservation a comprehensive review and perspective
topic sustainable infrastructure
retrofitting
fiber-reinforced polymers
geopolymer concrete
lifecycle assessment
resilience
url https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/99
work_keys_str_mv AT cameronrrusnak sustainablestrategiesforconcreteinfrastructurepreservationacomprehensivereviewandperspective