Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

In the presented work, design conditions for breakwaters were derived from offshore climate reanalysis data (ERA5), which were downscaled to the nearshore by two numerical approaches, i.e., SwanOne and Delft3D, for different average and extreme wave and weather conditions. Model validation was perfo...

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Main Authors: Hoang Thai Duong Vu, Moritz Zemann, Roderick van der Linden, Trinh Cong Dan, Peter Oberle, Frank Seidel, Nguyet Minh Nguyen, Le Xuan Tu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/265
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author Hoang Thai Duong Vu
Moritz Zemann
Roderick van der Linden
Trinh Cong Dan
Peter Oberle
Frank Seidel
Nguyet Minh Nguyen
Le Xuan Tu
author_facet Hoang Thai Duong Vu
Moritz Zemann
Roderick van der Linden
Trinh Cong Dan
Peter Oberle
Frank Seidel
Nguyet Minh Nguyen
Le Xuan Tu
author_sort Hoang Thai Duong Vu
collection DOAJ
description In the presented work, design conditions for breakwaters were derived from offshore climate reanalysis data (ERA5), which were downscaled to the nearshore by two numerical approaches, i.e., SwanOne and Delft3D, for different average and extreme wave and weather conditions. Model validation was performed using in situ measurements. The advantages and disadvantages of both numerical approaches were investigated. Both models showed sufficient accuracy according to measurements in the field, where SwanOne offers a simple and fast calculation method, while Delft3D provides a more complete representation, not only of waves but also current dynamics. However, it requires a much broader amount of input parameters and more complex boundary conditions. Then, SwanOne was applicable to calculate nearshore wave characteristics based on the input parameters extracted from the statistical analysis of long-term ERA5 data. Based on this process, design wave heights and periods at the nearshore were determined for 10- to 100-year return periods. For breakwater design on the west coast of the Mekong Delta, maximum wave heights in a range of 1.1 m to 1.3 m at a distance of 100 m to 300 m could be determined for a return period of 20 years, corresponding to water depths of 2.33 m and 2.88 m, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-e49d99127ca943b1a32dce3811cb93b42025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-0113226510.3390/jmse13020265Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, VietnamHoang Thai Duong Vu0Moritz Zemann1Roderick van der Linden2Trinh Cong Dan3Peter Oberle4Frank Seidel5Nguyet Minh Nguyen6Le Xuan Tu7Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Water and Environment (IWU), Engesserstrasse 22, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyDisy Informationssysteme GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Water and Environment (IWU), Engesserstrasse 22, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Water and Environment (IWU), Engesserstrasse 22, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Water and Environment (IWU), Engesserstrasse 22, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySouthern Institute of Water Resources Research (SIWRR), District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VietnamSouthern Institute of Water Resources Research (SIWRR), District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VietnamIn the presented work, design conditions for breakwaters were derived from offshore climate reanalysis data (ERA5), which were downscaled to the nearshore by two numerical approaches, i.e., SwanOne and Delft3D, for different average and extreme wave and weather conditions. Model validation was performed using in situ measurements. The advantages and disadvantages of both numerical approaches were investigated. Both models showed sufficient accuracy according to measurements in the field, where SwanOne offers a simple and fast calculation method, while Delft3D provides a more complete representation, not only of waves but also current dynamics. However, it requires a much broader amount of input parameters and more complex boundary conditions. Then, SwanOne was applicable to calculate nearshore wave characteristics based on the input parameters extracted from the statistical analysis of long-term ERA5 data. Based on this process, design wave heights and periods at the nearshore were determined for 10- to 100-year return periods. For breakwater design on the west coast of the Mekong Delta, maximum wave heights in a range of 1.1 m to 1.3 m at a distance of 100 m to 300 m could be determined for a return period of 20 years, corresponding to water depths of 2.33 m and 2.88 m, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/265Mekong DeltawavesERA5Delft3DSwanOne
spellingShingle Hoang Thai Duong Vu
Moritz Zemann
Roderick van der Linden
Trinh Cong Dan
Peter Oberle
Frank Seidel
Nguyet Minh Nguyen
Le Xuan Tu
Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Mekong Delta
waves
ERA5
Delft3D
SwanOne
title Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
title_full Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
title_fullStr Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
title_full_unstemmed Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
title_short Modeling Ocean Wave Conditions at a Shallow Coast Under Scarce Data Availability: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
title_sort modeling ocean wave conditions at a shallow coast under scarce data availability a case study in the mekong delta vietnam
topic Mekong Delta
waves
ERA5
Delft3D
SwanOne
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/265
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