Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching

With the growing demand for critical metals, extraction from secondary sources such as slag, tailings, and end-of-life materials has become inevitable. Processing from such secondary sources is described as technospheric mining. Technospheric mining is a broad term for extracting valuable resources...

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Main Authors: K. Yamini, Laurence Dyer, Bona Lim, Richard Diaz Alorro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Recycling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/2/43
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author K. Yamini
Laurence Dyer
Bona Lim
Richard Diaz Alorro
author_facet K. Yamini
Laurence Dyer
Bona Lim
Richard Diaz Alorro
author_sort K. Yamini
collection DOAJ
description With the growing demand for critical metals, extraction from secondary sources such as slag, tailings, and end-of-life materials has become inevitable. Processing from such secondary sources is described as technospheric mining. Technospheric mining is a broad term for extracting valuable resources from anthropogenic materials that are currently excluded from the material flow. The study utilises technospheric mining to extract cobalt and nickel from nickel furnace slag using organic acids such as ascorbic and citric acid. The experiments were designed using one variable at a time (OVAT) to optimise the different parameters: temperature, time, particle size, and reagent concentration. A maximum recovery of 79% Co and 80% Ni were obtained by leaching the nickel furnace slag using 0.5 mol/L citric acid and 0.5 mol/L ascorbic acid for 6 h at 80 °C. It is proposed that citric acid leaches the surface and ascorbic acid acts as a reducing agent, thereby reducing the slag matrix and leaching the metals trapped in it. The results show that treating nickel furnace slag via a mixture of organic acids is promising, as it is environmentally friendly. Retreating this material would reduce the net waste generated and aid in building a circular economy.
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spelling doaj-art-e49d62b58f14444fbda08df8a3d52fac2025-08-20T03:13:58ZengMDPI AGRecycling2313-43212025-03-011024310.3390/recycling10020043Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid LeachingK. Yamini0Laurence Dyer1Bona Lim2Richard Diaz Alorro3Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, AustraliaWestern Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie, WA 6430, AustraliaWestern Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, AustraliaWestern Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, AustraliaWith the growing demand for critical metals, extraction from secondary sources such as slag, tailings, and end-of-life materials has become inevitable. Processing from such secondary sources is described as technospheric mining. Technospheric mining is a broad term for extracting valuable resources from anthropogenic materials that are currently excluded from the material flow. The study utilises technospheric mining to extract cobalt and nickel from nickel furnace slag using organic acids such as ascorbic and citric acid. The experiments were designed using one variable at a time (OVAT) to optimise the different parameters: temperature, time, particle size, and reagent concentration. A maximum recovery of 79% Co and 80% Ni were obtained by leaching the nickel furnace slag using 0.5 mol/L citric acid and 0.5 mol/L ascorbic acid for 6 h at 80 °C. It is proposed that citric acid leaches the surface and ascorbic acid acts as a reducing agent, thereby reducing the slag matrix and leaching the metals trapped in it. The results show that treating nickel furnace slag via a mixture of organic acids is promising, as it is environmentally friendly. Retreating this material would reduce the net waste generated and aid in building a circular economy.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/2/43technospheric miningnickel furnace slagorganic acid leachingcobaltcritical metals
spellingShingle K. Yamini
Laurence Dyer
Bona Lim
Richard Diaz Alorro
Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching
Recycling
technospheric mining
nickel furnace slag
organic acid leaching
cobalt
critical metals
title Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching
title_full Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching
title_fullStr Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching
title_full_unstemmed Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching
title_short Technospheric Mining of Cobalt and Nickel from Waste Nickel Furnace Slag by Ascorbic Acid-Assisted Citric Acid Leaching
title_sort technospheric mining of cobalt and nickel from waste nickel furnace slag by ascorbic acid assisted citric acid leaching
topic technospheric mining
nickel furnace slag
organic acid leaching
cobalt
critical metals
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/2/43
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