Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract Humanity could descend into a pre-antibiotic world as a result of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Phage defenses are considered “vintage heroes” in the battle against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, phage resistance continues to evolve, necessitating alternative strategies. A p...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00449-w |
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| author | Abishek Mani Aarcha Shanmugha Mary Nashath Kalangadan Srivignesh Sundaresan Somnath Ghosh John Prakash Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Kaushik Rajaram |
| author_facet | Abishek Mani Aarcha Shanmugha Mary Nashath Kalangadan Srivignesh Sundaresan Somnath Ghosh John Prakash Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Kaushik Rajaram |
| author_sort | Abishek Mani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Humanity could descend into a pre-antibiotic world as a result of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Phage defenses are considered “vintage heroes” in the battle against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, phage resistance continues to evolve, necessitating alternative strategies. A potential solution is combining phages with antimicrobials like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the phage therapy. This study focuses on a combination therapy using Bauhinia variegata L.-mediated AgNPs and Pseudomonas phage M12PA to target multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial properties of this combination were evaluated through comprehensive characterizations and assays. As a proof of concept, the AgNP-phage combination delayed phage resistance by 6–12 h, reduced mutation, and enhanced antibacterial efficiency. Anti-biofilm activity improved by ~ 40% compared to AgNPs alone at sub-inhibitory concentrations. AgNPs and phages have demonstrated excellent compatibility, and the phage titer did not drop noticeably over 30 days. Biocompatibility assessments, including cell viability and hemolysis assays, highlighted the safety of biosynthesized AgNPs. Wound healing efficacy was also demonstrated in mouse fibroblast cells and an in ovo angiogenesis model. This study underscores the efficiency of phage-AgNPs synergy to be a potential therapeutic approach for MDR bacterial wound infection, showing effective anti-biofilm activity, delayed phage resistance, and minimal toxicity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e49c49fe1445422ab166e4e2b6c7289e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e49c49fe1445422ab166e4e2b6c7289e2025-08-24T11:24:31ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-00449-wAugmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosaAbishek Mani0Aarcha Shanmugha Mary1Nashath Kalangadan2Srivignesh Sundaresan3Somnath Ghosh4John Prakash5Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan6Kaushik Rajaram7Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil NaduDepartment of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil NaduDepartment of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil NaduDepartment of Horticulture, Central University of Tamil NaduDepartment of Humanities and Sciences, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE)Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil NaduDepartment of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil NaduDepartment of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil NaduAbstract Humanity could descend into a pre-antibiotic world as a result of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Phage defenses are considered “vintage heroes” in the battle against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, phage resistance continues to evolve, necessitating alternative strategies. A potential solution is combining phages with antimicrobials like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the phage therapy. This study focuses on a combination therapy using Bauhinia variegata L.-mediated AgNPs and Pseudomonas phage M12PA to target multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial properties of this combination were evaluated through comprehensive characterizations and assays. As a proof of concept, the AgNP-phage combination delayed phage resistance by 6–12 h, reduced mutation, and enhanced antibacterial efficiency. Anti-biofilm activity improved by ~ 40% compared to AgNPs alone at sub-inhibitory concentrations. AgNPs and phages have demonstrated excellent compatibility, and the phage titer did not drop noticeably over 30 days. Biocompatibility assessments, including cell viability and hemolysis assays, highlighted the safety of biosynthesized AgNPs. Wound healing efficacy was also demonstrated in mouse fibroblast cells and an in ovo angiogenesis model. This study underscores the efficiency of phage-AgNPs synergy to be a potential therapeutic approach for MDR bacterial wound infection, showing effective anti-biofilm activity, delayed phage resistance, and minimal toxicity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00449-wPhage therapyBiosynthesized AgNPsAnti-biofilm activityDelayed phage resistanceIn ovo angiogenesisIn ovo infection model |
| spellingShingle | Abishek Mani Aarcha Shanmugha Mary Nashath Kalangadan Srivignesh Sundaresan Somnath Ghosh John Prakash Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Kaushik Rajaram Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Scientific Reports Phage therapy Biosynthesized AgNPs Anti-biofilm activity Delayed phage resistance In ovo angiogenesis In ovo infection model |
| title | Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| title_full | Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| title_fullStr | Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| title_short | Augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control, wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| title_sort | augmenting phage therapy using green nanotechnology for promising infection control wound healing and devoiding phage resistance in mdr pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| topic | Phage therapy Biosynthesized AgNPs Anti-biofilm activity Delayed phage resistance In ovo angiogenesis In ovo infection model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00449-w |
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