Nucleophilic addition promoted ring rearrangement-aromatization in aza-/thio-sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis

Abstract The aromatization of terpenoid scaffold has received enduring attention as it introduces diverse structural alterations and endows bioactivity to the molecules. In this study, we discover a unique aromatization mechanism involving consecutive [1,2]-alkyl migrations initiated by intramolecul...

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Main Authors: Hengyi Xu, Xianyan Zhang, Yawen Zhang, Guowei Liu, Yinghan Chen, Xuewen Hou, Xiaolin Liu, Kaijin Zhang, Chuanteng Ma, Ruqian Feng, Juan Shen, Blaine A. Pfeifer, Qian Che, Tianjiao Zhu, Guojian Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62075-4
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Summary:Abstract The aromatization of terpenoid scaffold has received enduring attention as it introduces diverse structural alterations and endows bioactivity to the molecules. In this study, we discover a unique aromatization mechanism involving consecutive [1,2]-alkyl migrations initiated by intramolecular oxa/aza-nucleophilic addition in the biosynthesis of a family of eremophilane-like sesquiterpenoid derivatives, including farfugin A (1) and aza-janthinellin A (2a), a sesquiterpene-amino acid adduct. During this process, JanF, a flavoprotein functioning as a dehydrogenase, is demonstrated to be able to oxidize an allyl alcohol group of eremophilanes into an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, thereby facilitating the binding of primary amines to the sesquiterpene skeleton. Furthermore, using JanF as a catalyst, we generate a series of aromatic aza-/thio-sesquiterpenoids (aza-janthinellins and thio-janthinellins), among which, thio-janthinellins exhibit potent cytotoxicity against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. These findings advance our understanding of the biogenesis of aromatic compounds and enable the construction of diverse aza-/thio-terpenoids with enhanced biological activity.
ISSN:2041-1723