Complex-valued three-dimensional atomic spectroscopy with Gaussian-assisted inline holography
When a laser-cooled atomic sample is optically excited, the envelope of coherent forward scattering can often be decomposed into a few complex Gaussian profiles. The convenience of Gaussian propagation helps address key challenges in digital holography. In this paper, we develop a Gaussian-decomposi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Physical Review Research |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.013054 |
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| Summary: | When a laser-cooled atomic sample is optically excited, the envelope of coherent forward scattering can often be decomposed into a few complex Gaussian profiles. The convenience of Gaussian propagation helps address key challenges in digital holography. In this paper, we develop a Gaussian-decomposition-assisted approach to inline holography for single-shot, simultaneous measurements of absorption and phase-shift profiles of small atomic samples sparsely distributed in three dimensions. The samples' axial positions are resolved with micrometer resolution and their spectroscopy are extracted from complex-valued images recorded at various probe frequencies. The phase-angle readout is not only robust against transition saturation but also insensitive to atom-number and optical-pumping-induced interaction-strength fluctuations. Benefiting from such features, we achieve hundred-kHz-level single-shot resolution to the transition frequency of a ^{87}Rb D_{2} line, with merely hundreds of atoms. We further demonstrate single-shot three-dimensional field sensing by measuring local light shifts to the atomic array with micrometer spatial resolution. |
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| ISSN: | 2643-1564 |