Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube

The Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), an economically significant fruit tree native to China, is valued for both fresh and dried uses. In plants, 2n gametes serve as the fundamental basis for creating a sexual polyploid germplasm. This study investigated the 2n gametogenesis...

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Main Authors: Yunxi Zhong, Lixin Ge, Yinfang Song, Zhi Luo, Jiurui Wang, Mengjun Liu, Fenfen Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1643
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author Yunxi Zhong
Lixin Ge
Yinfang Song
Zhi Luo
Jiurui Wang
Mengjun Liu
Fenfen Yan
author_facet Yunxi Zhong
Lixin Ge
Yinfang Song
Zhi Luo
Jiurui Wang
Mengjun Liu
Fenfen Yan
author_sort Yunxi Zhong
collection DOAJ
description The Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), an economically significant fruit tree native to China, is valued for both fresh and dried uses. In plants, 2n gametes serve as the fundamental basis for creating a sexual polyploid germplasm. This study investigated the 2n gametogenesis frequency in triploid hybrid jujubes through meiotic analysis of the hybrid strain Q161 and a two-year pollen analysis on hybrid progeny, assessing the natural 2n pollen frequencies to identify a high-2n-pollen germplasm and revealing the occurrence of 2n pollen. Meiotic analysis of the triploid hybrid Q161 (2n = 36) revealed cytological anomalies, including binucleate cells (22.80% abnormal tetrads), with natural 2n pollen production rates reaching 4.00% and 4.67% over two consecutive years. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the 2n pollen exhibited pronounced exine ornamentation with cerebroid sculpturing and tubercle-like structures at the apertures. Analysis of the triploid progeny for two consecutive years demonstrated a pollen viability of 30.45% and 23.83% (CV: 19. 39–29.69%), with the mean 2n pollen frequencies of 22.52% and 7.64%, peaking at 52.16% and 28.95% in elite individuals. Six triploid germplasm accessions with naturally elevated 2n pollen frequencies were identified. Under natural conditions, a triploid hybrid germplasm in Chinese jujube produces 2n pollen grains due to abnormal meiotic behavior, and a natural triploid germplasm with high pollen productivity was identified. This research provides a critical theoretical foundation for sexual polyploid breeding strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-e4854c5df2cc44c6ab8b341ee68c63402025-08-20T03:11:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011411164310.3390/plants14111643Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese JujubeYunxi Zhong0Lixin Ge1Yinfang Song2Zhi Luo3Jiurui Wang4Mengjun Liu5Fenfen Yan6The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), an economically significant fruit tree native to China, is valued for both fresh and dried uses. In plants, 2n gametes serve as the fundamental basis for creating a sexual polyploid germplasm. This study investigated the 2n gametogenesis frequency in triploid hybrid jujubes through meiotic analysis of the hybrid strain Q161 and a two-year pollen analysis on hybrid progeny, assessing the natural 2n pollen frequencies to identify a high-2n-pollen germplasm and revealing the occurrence of 2n pollen. Meiotic analysis of the triploid hybrid Q161 (2n = 36) revealed cytological anomalies, including binucleate cells (22.80% abnormal tetrads), with natural 2n pollen production rates reaching 4.00% and 4.67% over two consecutive years. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the 2n pollen exhibited pronounced exine ornamentation with cerebroid sculpturing and tubercle-like structures at the apertures. Analysis of the triploid progeny for two consecutive years demonstrated a pollen viability of 30.45% and 23.83% (CV: 19. 39–29.69%), with the mean 2n pollen frequencies of 22.52% and 7.64%, peaking at 52.16% and 28.95% in elite individuals. Six triploid germplasm accessions with naturally elevated 2n pollen frequencies were identified. Under natural conditions, a triploid hybrid germplasm in Chinese jujube produces 2n pollen grains due to abnormal meiotic behavior, and a natural triploid germplasm with high pollen productivity was identified. This research provides a critical theoretical foundation for sexual polyploid breeding strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1643Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.)triploidhybrid progeny2n pollenmeiosisgermplasm
spellingShingle Yunxi Zhong
Lixin Ge
Yinfang Song
Zhi Luo
Jiurui Wang
Mengjun Liu
Fenfen Yan
Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
Plants
Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.)
triploid
hybrid progeny
2n pollen
meiosis
germplasm
title Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
title_full Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
title_fullStr Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
title_short Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
title_sort analysis of meiotic behavior and 2n pollen formation frequency in triploid hybrids of chinese jujube
topic Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.)
triploid
hybrid progeny
2n pollen
meiosis
germplasm
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1643
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