Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube
The Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), an economically significant fruit tree native to China, is valued for both fresh and dried uses. In plants, 2n gametes serve as the fundamental basis for creating a sexual polyploid germplasm. This study investigated the 2n gametogenesis...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Yunxi Zhong Lixin Ge Yinfang Song Zhi Luo Jiurui Wang Mengjun Liu Fenfen Yan |
| author_facet | Yunxi Zhong Lixin Ge Yinfang Song Zhi Luo Jiurui Wang Mengjun Liu Fenfen Yan |
| author_sort | Yunxi Zhong |
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| description | The Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), an economically significant fruit tree native to China, is valued for both fresh and dried uses. In plants, 2n gametes serve as the fundamental basis for creating a sexual polyploid germplasm. This study investigated the 2n gametogenesis frequency in triploid hybrid jujubes through meiotic analysis of the hybrid strain Q161 and a two-year pollen analysis on hybrid progeny, assessing the natural 2n pollen frequencies to identify a high-2n-pollen germplasm and revealing the occurrence of 2n pollen. Meiotic analysis of the triploid hybrid Q161 (2n = 36) revealed cytological anomalies, including binucleate cells (22.80% abnormal tetrads), with natural 2n pollen production rates reaching 4.00% and 4.67% over two consecutive years. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the 2n pollen exhibited pronounced exine ornamentation with cerebroid sculpturing and tubercle-like structures at the apertures. Analysis of the triploid progeny for two consecutive years demonstrated a pollen viability of 30.45% and 23.83% (CV: 19. 39–29.69%), with the mean 2n pollen frequencies of 22.52% and 7.64%, peaking at 52.16% and 28.95% in elite individuals. Six triploid germplasm accessions with naturally elevated 2n pollen frequencies were identified. Under natural conditions, a triploid hybrid germplasm in Chinese jujube produces 2n pollen grains due to abnormal meiotic behavior, and a natural triploid germplasm with high pollen productivity was identified. This research provides a critical theoretical foundation for sexual polyploid breeding strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4854c5df2cc44c6ab8b341ee68c6340 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e4854c5df2cc44c6ab8b341ee68c63402025-08-20T03:11:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011411164310.3390/plants14111643Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese JujubeYunxi Zhong0Lixin Ge1Yinfang Song2Zhi Luo3Jiurui Wang4Mengjun Liu5Fenfen Yan6The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, ChinaThe National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), an economically significant fruit tree native to China, is valued for both fresh and dried uses. In plants, 2n gametes serve as the fundamental basis for creating a sexual polyploid germplasm. This study investigated the 2n gametogenesis frequency in triploid hybrid jujubes through meiotic analysis of the hybrid strain Q161 and a two-year pollen analysis on hybrid progeny, assessing the natural 2n pollen frequencies to identify a high-2n-pollen germplasm and revealing the occurrence of 2n pollen. Meiotic analysis of the triploid hybrid Q161 (2n = 36) revealed cytological anomalies, including binucleate cells (22.80% abnormal tetrads), with natural 2n pollen production rates reaching 4.00% and 4.67% over two consecutive years. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the 2n pollen exhibited pronounced exine ornamentation with cerebroid sculpturing and tubercle-like structures at the apertures. Analysis of the triploid progeny for two consecutive years demonstrated a pollen viability of 30.45% and 23.83% (CV: 19. 39–29.69%), with the mean 2n pollen frequencies of 22.52% and 7.64%, peaking at 52.16% and 28.95% in elite individuals. Six triploid germplasm accessions with naturally elevated 2n pollen frequencies were identified. Under natural conditions, a triploid hybrid germplasm in Chinese jujube produces 2n pollen grains due to abnormal meiotic behavior, and a natural triploid germplasm with high pollen productivity was identified. This research provides a critical theoretical foundation for sexual polyploid breeding strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1643Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.)triploidhybrid progeny2n pollenmeiosisgermplasm |
| spellingShingle | Yunxi Zhong Lixin Ge Yinfang Song Zhi Luo Jiurui Wang Mengjun Liu Fenfen Yan Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube Plants Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.) triploid hybrid progeny 2n pollen meiosis germplasm |
| title | Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube |
| title_full | Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube |
| title_short | Analysis of Meiotic Behavior and 2n Pollen Formation Frequency in Triploid Hybrids of Chinese Jujube |
| title_sort | analysis of meiotic behavior and 2n pollen formation frequency in triploid hybrids of chinese jujube |
| topic | Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.) triploid hybrid progeny 2n pollen meiosis germplasm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1643 |
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