Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons

The gut-brain axis has emerged as a central paradigm in understanding the bidirectional relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), particularly within the context of neurodegenerative disorders. This review synthesizes contemporary insights into how mi...

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Main Authors: Octavian Costin IOGHEN, Mihaela Roxana IOGHEN, Bogdan Ovidiu POPESCU
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bucharest College of Physicians 2025-03-01
Series:Modern Medicine
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Online Access:https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Neurodegeneration-A-Tale-of-Microbes-and-Neurons.pdf
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author Octavian Costin IOGHEN
Mihaela Roxana IOGHEN
Bogdan Ovidiu POPESCU
author_facet Octavian Costin IOGHEN
Mihaela Roxana IOGHEN
Bogdan Ovidiu POPESCU
author_sort Octavian Costin IOGHEN
collection DOAJ
description The gut-brain axis has emerged as a central paradigm in understanding the bidirectional relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), particularly within the context of neurodegenerative disorders. This review synthesizes contemporary insights into how microbial dysbiosis and vagal pathways orchestrate critical processes in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. We dissect the multifaceted mechanisms by which microbial constituents, including lipopolysaccharides, bacterial amyloids, and amphiphilic compounds, penetrate host barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, contributing to neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, and neuronal dysfunction—hallmarks of diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Although preclinical models present compelling findings, the need for longitudinal, large-scale clinical investigations remains critical. This synthesis underscores the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target within a precision medicine framework aimed at mitigating neurodegenerative disease onset and progression.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Bucharest College of Physicians
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spelling doaj-art-e47f8188eb91474887ff35b2e148c7aa2025-08-20T03:08:17ZengBucharest College of PhysiciansModern Medicine1223-04722360-24732025-03-0132171610.31689/rmm.2025.32.1.7Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and NeuronsOctavian Costin IOGHEN0Mihaela Roxana IOGHEN1Bogdan Ovidiu POPESCU2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-2598"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, RomaniaThe gut-brain axis has emerged as a central paradigm in understanding the bidirectional relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), particularly within the context of neurodegenerative disorders. This review synthesizes contemporary insights into how microbial dysbiosis and vagal pathways orchestrate critical processes in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. We dissect the multifaceted mechanisms by which microbial constituents, including lipopolysaccharides, bacterial amyloids, and amphiphilic compounds, penetrate host barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, contributing to neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, and neuronal dysfunction—hallmarks of diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Although preclinical models present compelling findings, the need for longitudinal, large-scale clinical investigations remains critical. This synthesis underscores the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target within a precision medicine framework aimed at mitigating neurodegenerative disease onset and progression.https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Neurodegeneration-A-Tale-of-Microbes-and-Neurons.pdfmicrobiotaneurodegenerationneuroinflammationparkinson’s disease
spellingShingle Octavian Costin IOGHEN
Mihaela Roxana IOGHEN
Bogdan Ovidiu POPESCU
Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons
Modern Medicine
microbiota
neurodegeneration
neuroinflammation
parkinson’s disease
title Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons
title_full Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons
title_fullStr Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons
title_full_unstemmed Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons
title_short Neurodegeneration: A Tale of Microbes and Neurons
title_sort neurodegeneration a tale of microbes and neurons
topic microbiota
neurodegeneration
neuroinflammation
parkinson’s disease
url https://medicinamoderna.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Neurodegeneration-A-Tale-of-Microbes-and-Neurons.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT octaviancostinioghen neurodegenerationataleofmicrobesandneurons
AT mihaelaroxanaioghen neurodegenerationataleofmicrobesandneurons
AT bogdanovidiupopescu neurodegenerationataleofmicrobesandneurons