Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications

The current work developed and fabricated three groups of the Ho2O3-doped G-T-B (germanate-telluride-borate) glass system via melt-quenching followed by an annealing process with a chemical formula of [33.75B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-1.25Ho2O3], [32.5B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-2.5Ho2O3], and [31.25B2O3-...

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Main Authors: M.I. Sayyed, M.H.A. Mhareb, Kawa M. Kaky, K.A. Mahmoud, Abed Jawad Kadhim, Yasser Maghrbi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925000255
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author M.I. Sayyed
M.H.A. Mhareb
Kawa M. Kaky
K.A. Mahmoud
Abed Jawad Kadhim
Yasser Maghrbi
author_facet M.I. Sayyed
M.H.A. Mhareb
Kawa M. Kaky
K.A. Mahmoud
Abed Jawad Kadhim
Yasser Maghrbi
author_sort M.I. Sayyed
collection DOAJ
description The current work developed and fabricated three groups of the Ho2O3-doped G-T-B (germanate-telluride-borate) glass system via melt-quenching followed by an annealing process with a chemical formula of [33.75B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-1.25Ho2O3], [32.5B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-2.5Ho2O3], and [31.25B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-3.75 Ho2O3]. The synthesized glasses are clear, yellow, transparent, homogeneous, and bubble-free. The glassy nature has been examined by utilizing X-ray diffraction. Optical absorption for Ho1.25, Ho2.5, and Ho3.75 has been recorded; based on these records, the Mott and Davis relation was used to determine the energy band gap. An Archimedes' theory-based sensitive density balance was used to find the densities (ρ) of all the materials studied. The mechanical characteristics were theoretically determined using the Makishima–Mackenzie model. Monte Carlo simulation over the 0.015–2.506 MeV energy range was employed to investigate the fabricated glass samples' γ-ray shielding features. The study found that increased Ho2O3 across the concentration of 1.25–3.75 mol% increased the fabricated glasses' linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) by 19.56 % at 0.015 MeV, 20.22 % at 0.122 MeV, 5.31 % at 0.662 MeV, and 4.42 % at 2.506 MeV. A slight radiation protection efficiency increase followed this LAC enhancement, while the half-value thickness, thickness equivalent lead, and transmission factor were reduced when the Ho2O3 content grew within the fabricated glasses.
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publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-e4797ff5843843d89017703cfd5ef37a2025-08-20T03:12:10ZengElsevierJournal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices2468-21792025-06-0110210087210.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100872Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applicationsM.I. Sayyed0M.H.A. Mhareb1Kawa M. Kaky2K.A. Mahmoud3Abed Jawad Kadhim4Yasser Maghrbi5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, Jordan; Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47913, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi ArabiaAl-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq; Corresponding author.R&D Office, Vice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St, 620002, Yekaterinburg, RussiaAl-Nisour University College, Baghdad, IraqUniversité Côte d’Azur, Nice, 06100, France; College of Arts & Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait; Corresponding author. College of Arts & Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait.The current work developed and fabricated three groups of the Ho2O3-doped G-T-B (germanate-telluride-borate) glass system via melt-quenching followed by an annealing process with a chemical formula of [33.75B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-1.25Ho2O3], [32.5B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-2.5Ho2O3], and [31.25B2O3-20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-3.75 Ho2O3]. The synthesized glasses are clear, yellow, transparent, homogeneous, and bubble-free. The glassy nature has been examined by utilizing X-ray diffraction. Optical absorption for Ho1.25, Ho2.5, and Ho3.75 has been recorded; based on these records, the Mott and Davis relation was used to determine the energy band gap. An Archimedes' theory-based sensitive density balance was used to find the densities (ρ) of all the materials studied. The mechanical characteristics were theoretically determined using the Makishima–Mackenzie model. Monte Carlo simulation over the 0.015–2.506 MeV energy range was employed to investigate the fabricated glass samples' γ-ray shielding features. The study found that increased Ho2O3 across the concentration of 1.25–3.75 mol% increased the fabricated glasses' linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) by 19.56 % at 0.015 MeV, 20.22 % at 0.122 MeV, 5.31 % at 0.662 MeV, and 4.42 % at 2.506 MeV. A slight radiation protection efficiency increase followed this LAC enhancement, while the half-value thickness, thickness equivalent lead, and transmission factor were reduced when the Ho2O3 content grew within the fabricated glasses.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925000255Holmium oxideOptical propertiesRadiation shieldingBoro-tellurite glasses
spellingShingle M.I. Sayyed
M.H.A. Mhareb
Kawa M. Kaky
K.A. Mahmoud
Abed Jawad Kadhim
Yasser Maghrbi
Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices
Holmium oxide
Optical properties
Radiation shielding
Boro-tellurite glasses
title Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
title_full Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
title_fullStr Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
title_full_unstemmed Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
title_short Developing G-T-B glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
title_sort developing g t b glass system doped holmium oxide for radiation absorption and optical applications
topic Holmium oxide
Optical properties
Radiation shielding
Boro-tellurite glasses
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925000255
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AT kawamkaky developinggtbglasssystemdopedholmiumoxideforradiationabsorptionandopticalapplications
AT kamahmoud developinggtbglasssystemdopedholmiumoxideforradiationabsorptionandopticalapplications
AT abedjawadkadhim developinggtbglasssystemdopedholmiumoxideforradiationabsorptionandopticalapplications
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