Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi

Palm weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) are significant pests of sago palms worldwide. Yet, the taxonomy and evolutionary lineage of these species in North Sulawesi remain unclear, likely due to geographic isolation driving genetic variation and species differentiation. This study aimed to investigate th...

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Main Authors: Endrile Golmen Balansa, Christina Leta Salaki, Dantje Tarore, Juliet Merry Eva Mamahit, Beivy Jonathan Kolondam, Trina Ekawati Tallei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bogor Agricultural University 2025-06-01
Series:Hayati Journal of Biosciences
Online Access:https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/63679
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author Endrile Golmen Balansa
Christina Leta Salaki
Dantje Tarore
Juliet Merry Eva Mamahit
Beivy Jonathan Kolondam
Trina Ekawati Tallei
author_facet Endrile Golmen Balansa
Christina Leta Salaki
Dantje Tarore
Juliet Merry Eva Mamahit
Beivy Jonathan Kolondam
Trina Ekawati Tallei
author_sort Endrile Golmen Balansa
collection DOAJ
description Palm weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) are significant pests of sago palms worldwide. Yet, the taxonomy and evolutionary lineage of these species in North Sulawesi remain unclear, likely due to geographic isolation driving genetic variation and species differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and morphological differentiation of Rhynchophorus across distinct geographic regions in North Sulawesi using an integrative approach combining DNA barcoding and morphometric analysis. Morphometric traits from palm weevil specimens collected in Sangihe Island, Minahasa, and Bolaang Mongondow were measured and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, MANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to assess interpopulation morphological differences. For molecular identification, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using the maximum likelihood method, and a DNA barcode gap analysis was conducted to evaluate the separation between intra- and interspecific genetic distances. Morphometric analysis revealed significant size variations among the specimens, particularly in rostrum dimensions, with the EBBM (Bolaang Mongondow) group showing the highest values. COI-gene-based identification confirmed that all specimens were of R. vulneratus. However, phylogenetic analysis showed EBMin (Minahasa) and EBBM forming a distinct subgroup, while EBMan, EBSTS, EBTam, and EBSTU (all from Sangihe Island) clustered separately. Barcode gap analysis demonstrated a clear distinction between intra- and interspecific divergence, validating COI as a reliable marker for species delimitation. This study concludes that integrating morphometric and genetic analyses reveals geographic structuring within R. vulneratus, highlighting the effectiveness of combined methods for accurate identification and population differentiation.
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spelling doaj-art-e4700b724a504570bb8130f07ab1ed7f2025-08-20T03:20:09ZengBogor Agricultural UniversityHayati Journal of Biosciences1978-30192086-40942025-06-0132510.4308/hjb.32.5.1260-1272Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North SulawesiEndrile Golmen Balansa0Christina Leta Salaki1Dantje Tarore2Juliet Merry Eva Mamahit3Beivy Jonathan Kolondam4Trina Ekawati Tallei5Doctoral Program in Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, IndonesiaDoctoral Program in Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, IndonesiaDoctoral Program in Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, IndonesiaDoctoral Program in Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, IndonesiaDoctoral Program in Entomology, Graduate Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia. Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia Palm weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) are significant pests of sago palms worldwide. Yet, the taxonomy and evolutionary lineage of these species in North Sulawesi remain unclear, likely due to geographic isolation driving genetic variation and species differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and morphological differentiation of Rhynchophorus across distinct geographic regions in North Sulawesi using an integrative approach combining DNA barcoding and morphometric analysis. Morphometric traits from palm weevil specimens collected in Sangihe Island, Minahasa, and Bolaang Mongondow were measured and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, MANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to assess interpopulation morphological differences. For molecular identification, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using the maximum likelihood method, and a DNA barcode gap analysis was conducted to evaluate the separation between intra- and interspecific genetic distances. Morphometric analysis revealed significant size variations among the specimens, particularly in rostrum dimensions, with the EBBM (Bolaang Mongondow) group showing the highest values. COI-gene-based identification confirmed that all specimens were of R. vulneratus. However, phylogenetic analysis showed EBMin (Minahasa) and EBBM forming a distinct subgroup, while EBMan, EBSTS, EBTam, and EBSTU (all from Sangihe Island) clustered separately. Barcode gap analysis demonstrated a clear distinction between intra- and interspecific divergence, validating COI as a reliable marker for species delimitation. This study concludes that integrating morphometric and genetic analyses reveals geographic structuring within R. vulneratus, highlighting the effectiveness of combined methods for accurate identification and population differentiation. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/63679
spellingShingle Endrile Golmen Balansa
Christina Leta Salaki
Dantje Tarore
Juliet Merry Eva Mamahit
Beivy Jonathan Kolondam
Trina Ekawati Tallei
Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi
Hayati Journal of Biosciences
title Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi
title_full Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi
title_fullStr Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi
title_full_unstemmed Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi
title_short Integrated DNA Barcoding and Morphometric Characterization of Palm Weevils (Rhynchophorus spp.) in North Sulawesi
title_sort integrated dna barcoding and morphometric characterization of palm weevils rhynchophorus spp in north sulawesi
url https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/hayati/article/view/63679
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