Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach

The rapid integration of computational thinking (CT) into STEM education highlights its importance as a critical skill for problem-solving in the digital age, equipping students with the cognitive tools needed to address complex challenges systematically. This study evaluates CT skills among Enginee...

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Main Authors: Farman Ali Pirzado, Awais Ahmed, Sadam Hussain, Gerardo Ibarra-Vázquez, Hugo Terashima-Marin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Education Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/15/3/344
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author Farman Ali Pirzado
Awais Ahmed
Sadam Hussain
Gerardo Ibarra-Vázquez
Hugo Terashima-Marin
author_facet Farman Ali Pirzado
Awais Ahmed
Sadam Hussain
Gerardo Ibarra-Vázquez
Hugo Terashima-Marin
author_sort Farman Ali Pirzado
collection DOAJ
description The rapid integration of computational thinking (CT) into STEM education highlights its importance as a critical skill for problem-solving in the digital age, equipping students with the cognitive tools needed to address complex challenges systematically. This study evaluates CT skills among Engineering and Computer Science students using a multi-method approach by combining quantitative methods (CTT scores and CTS responses) with qualitative methods (thematic analysis of open-ended questions), integrating objective assessments, self-perception scales, and qualitative insights. The Computational Thinking Test (CTT) measures proficiency in core CT sub-competencies, abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, and pattern recognition through objective tests. The Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) captures students’ perceived CT skills. At the same time, open-ended questions elicit perspectives on the practical applications of CT in academic and professional contexts. Data from 196 students across two Mexican universities were analyzed through quantitative and thematic methods. The results show that students excel in pattern recognition and abstraction but face decomposition and algorithmic thinking challenges. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted between CTT, CTS and the open-ended part to compare CT skills across different demographic groups (e.g., age, gender, academic disciplines), showing clear differences based on age, gender, and academic disciplines, with Computer Science students performing better than engineering students. These findings highlight the importance of CT in preparing students for modern challenges and provide a foundation for improving teaching methods and integrating these skills into university programs.
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spelling doaj-art-e46d4bf59e8c4816aeafe7c1aa70755b2025-08-20T02:11:13ZengMDPI AGEducation Sciences2227-71022025-03-0115334410.3390/educsci15030344Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method ApproachFarman Ali Pirzado0Awais Ahmed1Sadam Hussain2Gerardo Ibarra-Vázquez3Hugo Terashima-Marin4Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoSchool of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, ChinaTecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoTecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoTecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoThe rapid integration of computational thinking (CT) into STEM education highlights its importance as a critical skill for problem-solving in the digital age, equipping students with the cognitive tools needed to address complex challenges systematically. This study evaluates CT skills among Engineering and Computer Science students using a multi-method approach by combining quantitative methods (CTT scores and CTS responses) with qualitative methods (thematic analysis of open-ended questions), integrating objective assessments, self-perception scales, and qualitative insights. The Computational Thinking Test (CTT) measures proficiency in core CT sub-competencies, abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, and pattern recognition through objective tests. The Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) captures students’ perceived CT skills. At the same time, open-ended questions elicit perspectives on the practical applications of CT in academic and professional contexts. Data from 196 students across two Mexican universities were analyzed through quantitative and thematic methods. The results show that students excel in pattern recognition and abstraction but face decomposition and algorithmic thinking challenges. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted between CTT, CTS and the open-ended part to compare CT skills across different demographic groups (e.g., age, gender, academic disciplines), showing clear differences based on age, gender, and academic disciplines, with Computer Science students performing better than engineering students. These findings highlight the importance of CT in preparing students for modern challenges and provide a foundation for improving teaching methods and integrating these skills into university programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/15/3/344computational thinkingcomputational thinking scaleengineering and computing educationdecompositionabstractionpattern recognition
spellingShingle Farman Ali Pirzado
Awais Ahmed
Sadam Hussain
Gerardo Ibarra-Vázquez
Hugo Terashima-Marin
Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach
Education Sciences
computational thinking
computational thinking scale
engineering and computing education
decomposition
abstraction
pattern recognition
title Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach
title_full Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach
title_fullStr Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach
title_short Assessing Computational Thinking in Engineering and Computer Science Students: A Multi-Method Approach
title_sort assessing computational thinking in engineering and computer science students a multi method approach
topic computational thinking
computational thinking scale
engineering and computing education
decomposition
abstraction
pattern recognition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/15/3/344
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AT gerardoibarravazquez assessingcomputationalthinkinginengineeringandcomputersciencestudentsamultimethodapproach
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