Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation

The induced magnetosphere of Mars is highly dynamic, driven by both the upstream solar wind and the planet’s crustal magnetic fields. This variability can occur on timescales much shorter than a single spacecraft orbit, making it difficult to distinguish between spatial and temporal variations in th...

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Main Authors: Yuanzheng Wen, Jasper S. Halekas, Han-Wen Shen, Abigail R. Azari, David A. Brain, Yaxue Dong, David L. Mitchell, Christian X. Mazelle, Jared R. Espley, James P. McFadden
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adbf10
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author Yuanzheng Wen
Jasper S. Halekas
Han-Wen Shen
Abigail R. Azari
David A. Brain
Yaxue Dong
David L. Mitchell
Christian X. Mazelle
Jared R. Espley
James P. McFadden
author_facet Yuanzheng Wen
Jasper S. Halekas
Han-Wen Shen
Abigail R. Azari
David A. Brain
Yaxue Dong
David L. Mitchell
Christian X. Mazelle
Jared R. Espley
James P. McFadden
author_sort Yuanzheng Wen
collection DOAJ
description The induced magnetosphere of Mars is highly dynamic, driven by both the upstream solar wind and the planet’s crustal magnetic fields. This variability can occur on timescales much shorter than a single spacecraft orbit, making it difficult to distinguish between spatial and temporal variations in the induced magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize simultaneous multipoint observations from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) and Tianwen-1 missions to investigate how the induced magnetosphere responds to dynamic changes in the solar wind. We report a magnetic reconnection event observed by MAVEN in the Martian magnetotail, occurring a few minutes after an interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotation observed by Tianwen-1 in the upstream solar wind. This reconnection event is characterized by clear Hall magnetic field signatures and high-speed ion jets, indicating the presence of a diffusion region. Our analysis of the change in the magnetic field morphology suggests that this reconnection was likely triggered by this IMF rotation, occurring during the resulting reconfiguration of the induced magnetosphere. This multipoint study demonstrates the important role of dynamic upstream solar wind conditions, particularly IMF rotations, in driving the plasma processes in the Martian magnetotail, contributing to our understanding of solar wind energy and momentum transfer and their roles in ion escape in Mars’s hybrid magnetosphere.
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spelling doaj-art-e46ccb25d1e244b190938efe653348fd2025-08-22T16:09:24ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019822L4210.3847/2041-8213/adbf10Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field RotationYuanzheng Wen0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-6171Jasper S. Halekas1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-6128Han-Wen Shen2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-5065Abigail R. Azari3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-5459David A. Brain4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-368XYaxue Dong5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3491-7506David L. Mitchell6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-7236Christian X. Mazelle7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-9561Jared R. Espley8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-9683James P. McFadden9Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA, USA ; yuanzheng-wen@uiowa.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA, USA ; yuanzheng-wen@uiowa.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA, USA ; yuanzheng-wen@uiowa.eduDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, Canada; Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute , Edmonton, AB, CanadaLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO, USALaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO, USASpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA, USAInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) , Toulouse, FranceSolar System Exploration Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USASpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA, USAThe induced magnetosphere of Mars is highly dynamic, driven by both the upstream solar wind and the planet’s crustal magnetic fields. This variability can occur on timescales much shorter than a single spacecraft orbit, making it difficult to distinguish between spatial and temporal variations in the induced magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize simultaneous multipoint observations from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) and Tianwen-1 missions to investigate how the induced magnetosphere responds to dynamic changes in the solar wind. We report a magnetic reconnection event observed by MAVEN in the Martian magnetotail, occurring a few minutes after an interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotation observed by Tianwen-1 in the upstream solar wind. This reconnection event is characterized by clear Hall magnetic field signatures and high-speed ion jets, indicating the presence of a diffusion region. Our analysis of the change in the magnetic field morphology suggests that this reconnection was likely triggered by this IMF rotation, occurring during the resulting reconfiguration of the induced magnetosphere. This multipoint study demonstrates the important role of dynamic upstream solar wind conditions, particularly IMF rotations, in driving the plasma processes in the Martian magnetotail, contributing to our understanding of solar wind energy and momentum transfer and their roles in ion escape in Mars’s hybrid magnetosphere.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adbf10MarsSolar windPlanetary magnetospheresSpace plasmasSolar-planetary interactionsPlanetary science
spellingShingle Yuanzheng Wen
Jasper S. Halekas
Han-Wen Shen
Abigail R. Azari
David A. Brain
Yaxue Dong
David L. Mitchell
Christian X. Mazelle
Jared R. Espley
James P. McFadden
Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Mars
Solar wind
Planetary magnetospheres
Space plasmas
Solar-planetary interactions
Planetary science
title Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation
title_full Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation
title_fullStr Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation
title_full_unstemmed Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation
title_short Multipoint Observations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail Triggered by an Interplanetary Magnetic Field Rotation
title_sort multipoint observations of magnetic reconnection in the martian magnetotail triggered by an interplanetary magnetic field rotation
topic Mars
Solar wind
Planetary magnetospheres
Space plasmas
Solar-planetary interactions
Planetary science
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adbf10
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