Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia

As in many education systems worldwide, Indonesian society is increasingly characterized by cultural diversity. In the context of centralized education policies, multicultural issues have become more visible in primary schools. This study aimed to explore the attitudes and classroom practices of ele...

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Main Authors: Afifuddin Afifuddin, Muhammad Amri, Abdul Latif, Rosmini Rosmini, Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1620685/full
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author Afifuddin Afifuddin
Muhammad Amri
Abdul Latif
Rosmini Rosmini
Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir
author_facet Afifuddin Afifuddin
Muhammad Amri
Abdul Latif
Rosmini Rosmini
Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir
author_sort Afifuddin Afifuddin
collection DOAJ
description As in many education systems worldwide, Indonesian society is increasingly characterized by cultural diversity. In the context of centralized education policies, multicultural issues have become more visible in primary schools. This study aimed to explore the attitudes and classroom practices of elementary school teachers in Indonesia regarding multicultural education. A mixed-methods approach utilizing a concurrent triangulation design was employed. Data were collected through a multicultural education attitude survey and semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, a multiculturalism attitude scale was administered to 30 randomly selected primary school teachers. The survey results indicated moderately positive attitudes toward multicultural values, with minor variations based on age and teaching experience. In the qualitative phase, interviews and classroom observations were conducted with 10 teachers. The findings revealed that while teachers recognized multiculturalism mainly through ethnicity, religion, and language differences, they perceived substantial gaps between policy expectations and classroom realities. Teachers noted a lack of institutional support and limited curriculum flexibility as major barriers to implementing multicultural education. Many expressed that their understanding of multicultural pedagogy was incomplete and showed interest in participating in professional development programs to enhance their competence. The study highlights the critical need for more responsive policies and teacher training initiatives to bridge the gap between centralized standards and multicultural classroom dynamics.
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spelling doaj-art-e45834c77a894f55a4c0763f2a76a0922025-08-20T03:09:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2025-07-011010.3389/feduc.2025.16206851620685Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of IndonesiaAfifuddin Afifuddin0Muhammad Amri1Abdul Latif2Rosmini Rosmini3Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir4Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam (Magister), Pascasarjana, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, IndonesiaProgram Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam, Fakultas Tarbiyah, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, IndonesiaProgram Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam (Magister), Pascasarjana, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, IndonesiaProgram Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, IndonesiaProgram Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Iqra Buru, Namlea, Maluku, IndonesiaAs in many education systems worldwide, Indonesian society is increasingly characterized by cultural diversity. In the context of centralized education policies, multicultural issues have become more visible in primary schools. This study aimed to explore the attitudes and classroom practices of elementary school teachers in Indonesia regarding multicultural education. A mixed-methods approach utilizing a concurrent triangulation design was employed. Data were collected through a multicultural education attitude survey and semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, a multiculturalism attitude scale was administered to 30 randomly selected primary school teachers. The survey results indicated moderately positive attitudes toward multicultural values, with minor variations based on age and teaching experience. In the qualitative phase, interviews and classroom observations were conducted with 10 teachers. The findings revealed that while teachers recognized multiculturalism mainly through ethnicity, religion, and language differences, they perceived substantial gaps between policy expectations and classroom realities. Teachers noted a lack of institutional support and limited curriculum flexibility as major barriers to implementing multicultural education. Many expressed that their understanding of multicultural pedagogy was incomplete and showed interest in participating in professional development programs to enhance their competence. The study highlights the critical need for more responsive policies and teacher training initiatives to bridge the gap between centralized standards and multicultural classroom dynamics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1620685/fullmulticultural educationteacher agencycentralized education systemprimary schoolsIndonesia
spellingShingle Afifuddin Afifuddin
Muhammad Amri
Abdul Latif
Rosmini Rosmini
Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir
Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia
Frontiers in Education
multicultural education
teacher agency
centralized education system
primary schools
Indonesia
title Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia
title_full Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia
title_fullStr Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia
title_short Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems: a case study of Indonesia
title_sort negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems a case study of indonesia
topic multicultural education
teacher agency
centralized education system
primary schools
Indonesia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1620685/full
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