A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation
With the continued recognition of the devastating effects of natural hazards, the construction of shelters has become essential in urban disaster preparedness planning systems. After analyzing the deficiency of the conventional spatial allocation model of shelters and the hierarchy of evacuation ass...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/12/455 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850241310496129024 |
|---|---|
| author | Yujia Zhang Wei Chen Guangchun Zhong Guofang Zhai Wei Zhai |
| author_facet | Yujia Zhang Wei Chen Guangchun Zhong Guofang Zhai Wei Zhai |
| author_sort | Yujia Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the continued recognition of the devastating effects of natural hazards, the construction of shelters has become essential in urban disaster preparedness planning systems. After analyzing the deficiency of the conventional spatial allocation model of shelters and the hierarchy of evacuation assignments, this study proposes a bi-level and two-phase spatial configuration methodology of shelters. The first hierarchy aims to evacuate refugees from demand blocks to both emergency shelters and resident emergency congregate shelters. The second hierarchy aims to transfer refugees from selected shelters in the first hierarchy to resident emergency congregate shelters. Each hierarchy contains two phases of optimizing calculations. The optimization objects for the first phase and second phase are minimizing the number of new shelters and the evacuation time, respectively. A genetic algorithm and exhaustive approach are programmed to determine the solution of the model in the first and second phases, respectively. The evacuation assignment rule is proposed based on the gravity model, which distributes evacuees proportionally to nearby shelters. This study uses the deterministic user equilibrium problem to present the evacuation traffic flow allocation, which improves the scientificity of the location model of shelters. The refuge demands differentiate the population between daytime and nighttime through mobile signaling data and improve the accuracy from the plot scale to the building scale. Using mobile signaling data to differentiate refuge demands between day and night populations enhances the model’s precision. Finally, to validate the proposed methodology, this study selected the main area of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China, which has a population of 1.6 million, as a case study area. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e453d1bc8ab549bf9d67aad6f6f8c76e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-e453d1bc8ab549bf9d67aad6f6f8c76e2025-08-20T02:00:38ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642024-12-01131245510.3390/ijgi13120455A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow AllocationYujia Zhang0Wei Chen1Guangchun Zhong2Guofang Zhai3Wei Zhai4School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaSchool of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Planning, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USAWith the continued recognition of the devastating effects of natural hazards, the construction of shelters has become essential in urban disaster preparedness planning systems. After analyzing the deficiency of the conventional spatial allocation model of shelters and the hierarchy of evacuation assignments, this study proposes a bi-level and two-phase spatial configuration methodology of shelters. The first hierarchy aims to evacuate refugees from demand blocks to both emergency shelters and resident emergency congregate shelters. The second hierarchy aims to transfer refugees from selected shelters in the first hierarchy to resident emergency congregate shelters. Each hierarchy contains two phases of optimizing calculations. The optimization objects for the first phase and second phase are minimizing the number of new shelters and the evacuation time, respectively. A genetic algorithm and exhaustive approach are programmed to determine the solution of the model in the first and second phases, respectively. The evacuation assignment rule is proposed based on the gravity model, which distributes evacuees proportionally to nearby shelters. This study uses the deterministic user equilibrium problem to present the evacuation traffic flow allocation, which improves the scientificity of the location model of shelters. The refuge demands differentiate the population between daytime and nighttime through mobile signaling data and improve the accuracy from the plot scale to the building scale. Using mobile signaling data to differentiate refuge demands between day and night populations enhances the model’s precision. Finally, to validate the proposed methodology, this study selected the main area of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China, which has a population of 1.6 million, as a case study area.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/12/455sheltersspatial configurationbi-level and two-phasescircular assignment modeldeterministic user equilibrium problem |
| spellingShingle | Yujia Zhang Wei Chen Guangchun Zhong Guofang Zhai Wei Zhai A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information shelters spatial configuration bi-level and two-phases circular assignment model deterministic user equilibrium problem |
| title | A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation |
| title_full | A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation |
| title_fullStr | A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation |
| title_short | A Two-Phase and Bi-Level Spatial Configuration Methodology of Shelters Based on a Circular Assignment Model and Evacuation Traffic Flow Allocation |
| title_sort | two phase and bi level spatial configuration methodology of shelters based on a circular assignment model and evacuation traffic flow allocation |
| topic | shelters spatial configuration bi-level and two-phases circular assignment model deterministic user equilibrium problem |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/12/455 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yujiazhang atwophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT weichen atwophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT guangchunzhong atwophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT guofangzhai atwophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT weizhai atwophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT yujiazhang twophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT weichen twophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT guangchunzhong twophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT guofangzhai twophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation AT weizhai twophaseandbilevelspatialconfigurationmethodologyofsheltersbasedonacircularassignmentmodelandevacuationtrafficflowallocation |