Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy
Background: Oral leukoplakia is a frequently encountered premalignancy and potential source of oral dysplastic change, with the probable clinical manifestation in the form of an oral leukoplakia lesion. In this study, the authors endeavor to carry out the histological grading of dysplasia in leukop...
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ziauddin University
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry |
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| Online Access: | https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3954 |
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| author | Amna Sarfaraz Mariam Fatima Sahd Rashid Saba Ejaz Ayesha Siddiqa Aiza Khan Kainat Zafar |
| author_facet | Amna Sarfaraz Mariam Fatima Sahd Rashid Saba Ejaz Ayesha Siddiqa Aiza Khan Kainat Zafar |
| author_sort | Amna Sarfaraz |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Background: Oral leukoplakia is a frequently encountered premalignancy and potential source of oral dysplastic change, with the probable clinical manifestation in the form of an oral leukoplakia lesion. In this study, the authors endeavor to carry out the histological grading of dysplasia in leukoplakia and the relationship between the grades of dysplasia and malignant transformation.
Methods: One hundred and twenty clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia patients were studied in a cross-sectional analysis. Demographic, tobacco history, and features of the lesions were documented. Histopathological analysis was used to decide on the existence and extent of epithelial dysplasia. Stratified cases were associated with dysplasia grade (none, mild, moderate, severe/CIS) and compared to the demonstration of malignant transformation during follow-up biopsy or surgical extirpation. SPSS version 26.0 was used to calculate % and estimate the values.
Results: Most patients (65%) were males, and the most dominant age group was among those aged 41-60. In 75 per cent of cases, tobacco use was reported. Histologically, there was mild dysplasia in 35 percent, moderate in 23.3 percent, and severe dysplasia/CIS in 13.3 percent of the organisms, with 28.3 percent being negative for dysplasia. The rate of malignant transformation was observed to be increased with dysplasia grade: 2.9 percent with no dysplasia, 9.5 percent with mild, and 32.1 percent with moderate dysplasia, and 81.3 percent in severe dysplasia (p<0.01). Tobacco use and gender were also positively correlated with dysplastic changes, malignant potential.
Conclusion: There is a quantifiable relationship between the malignant potential of oral leukoplakia depending on the severity of dysplasia as it appears in the histology.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4534794e81f44e68f6d0f57a28cb2ac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-7371 2308-2593 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | ziauddin University |
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| series | Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4534794e81f44e68f6d0f57a28cb2ac2025-08-20T03:51:29Zengziauddin UniversityPakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry2313-73712308-25932025-07-0114310.36283/ziun-pjmd14-3/026Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral MalignancyAmna Sarfaraz0Mariam Fatima1Sahd Rashid2Saba Ejaz3Ayesha Siddiqa4Aiza Khan5Kainat Zafar6Shifa College of Dentistry Shifa Tamer - e- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.Shifa College of Dentistry Islamabad, Pakistan.Shifa College of Dentistry Shifa Tamer - e- Millat University, Islamabad, PakistanRawal Institute of Health Sciences , Islamabad, Pakistan. Shifa College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan.Hazarat Bari Imam Sarkar Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan.Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Akhtar Saeed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Background: Oral leukoplakia is a frequently encountered premalignancy and potential source of oral dysplastic change, with the probable clinical manifestation in the form of an oral leukoplakia lesion. In this study, the authors endeavor to carry out the histological grading of dysplasia in leukoplakia and the relationship between the grades of dysplasia and malignant transformation. Methods: One hundred and twenty clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia patients were studied in a cross-sectional analysis. Demographic, tobacco history, and features of the lesions were documented. Histopathological analysis was used to decide on the existence and extent of epithelial dysplasia. Stratified cases were associated with dysplasia grade (none, mild, moderate, severe/CIS) and compared to the demonstration of malignant transformation during follow-up biopsy or surgical extirpation. SPSS version 26.0 was used to calculate % and estimate the values. Results: Most patients (65%) were males, and the most dominant age group was among those aged 41-60. In 75 per cent of cases, tobacco use was reported. Histologically, there was mild dysplasia in 35 percent, moderate in 23.3 percent, and severe dysplasia/CIS in 13.3 percent of the organisms, with 28.3 percent being negative for dysplasia. The rate of malignant transformation was observed to be increased with dysplasia grade: 2.9 percent with no dysplasia, 9.5 percent with mild, and 32.1 percent with moderate dysplasia, and 81.3 percent in severe dysplasia (p<0.01). Tobacco use and gender were also positively correlated with dysplastic changes, malignant potential. Conclusion: There is a quantifiable relationship between the malignant potential of oral leukoplakia depending on the severity of dysplasia as it appears in the histology. https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3954LeukoplakiaOralMouth NeoplasmsCarcinoma Squamous CellEpithelial Cells |
| spellingShingle | Amna Sarfaraz Mariam Fatima Sahd Rashid Saba Ejaz Ayesha Siddiqa Aiza Khan Kainat Zafar Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Leukoplakia Oral Mouth Neoplasms Carcinoma Squamous Cell Epithelial Cells |
| title | Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy |
| title_full | Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy |
| title_fullStr | Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy |
| title_short | Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy |
| title_sort | bridging dysplasia to diagnostic oral pathology comparative evaluation of leukoplakia as a predictor of oral malignancy |
| topic | Leukoplakia Oral Mouth Neoplasms Carcinoma Squamous Cell Epithelial Cells |
| url | https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3954 |
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