Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and potentially severe sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. Machine learning models have been increasingly applied in various aspects of OSA research, including diagnosis, treatment optimization, an...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Matheus Lima Diniz Araujo, Trevor Winger, Samer Ghosn, Carl Saab, Jaideep Srivastava, Louis Kazaglis, Piyush Mathur, Reena Mehra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037025001527
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850195708512043008
author Matheus Lima Diniz Araujo
Trevor Winger
Samer Ghosn
Carl Saab
Jaideep Srivastava
Louis Kazaglis
Piyush Mathur
Reena Mehra
author_facet Matheus Lima Diniz Araujo
Trevor Winger
Samer Ghosn
Carl Saab
Jaideep Srivastava
Louis Kazaglis
Piyush Mathur
Reena Mehra
author_sort Matheus Lima Diniz Araujo
collection DOAJ
description Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and potentially severe sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. Machine learning models have been increasingly applied in various aspects of OSA research, including diagnosis, treatment optimization, and developing biomarkers for endotypes and disease mechanisms. Objective: This narrative review evaluates the application of machine learning in OSA research, focusing on model performance, dataset characteristics, demographic representation, and validation strategies. We aim to identify trends and gaps to guide future research and improve clinical decision-making that leverages machine learning. Methods: This narrative review examines data extracted from 254 scientific publications published in the PubMed database between January 2018 and March 2023. Studies were categorized by machine learning applications, models, tasks, validation metrics, data sources, and demographics. Results: Our analysis revealed that most machine learning applications focused on OSA classification and diagnosis, utilizing various data sources such as polysomnography, electrocardiogram data, and wearable devices. We also found that study cohorts were predominantly overweight males, with an underrepresentation of women, younger obese adults, individuals over 60 years old, and diverse racial groups. Many studies had small sample sizes and limited use of robust model validation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for more inclusive research approaches, starting with adequate data collection in terms of sample size and bias mitigation for better generalizability of machine learning models in OSA research. Addressing these demographic gaps and methodological opportunities is critical for ensuring more robust and equitable applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare.
format Article
id doaj-art-e43c7bd4065e4fb4b4d463ac580f5b66
institution OA Journals
issn 2001-0370
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
spelling doaj-art-e43c7bd4065e4fb4b4d463ac580f5b662025-08-20T02:13:40ZengElsevierComputational and Structural Biotechnology Journal2001-03702025-01-012816717410.1016/j.csbj.2025.04.033Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative reviewMatheus Lima Diniz Araujo0Trevor Winger1Samer Ghosn2Carl Saab3Jaideep Srivastava4Louis Kazaglis5Piyush Mathur6Reena Mehra7Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Corresponding author.University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USACleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USACleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USAUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USAEpic Systems Corporation, Verona, WI, USACleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USAUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USABackground: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and potentially severe sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. Machine learning models have been increasingly applied in various aspects of OSA research, including diagnosis, treatment optimization, and developing biomarkers for endotypes and disease mechanisms. Objective: This narrative review evaluates the application of machine learning in OSA research, focusing on model performance, dataset characteristics, demographic representation, and validation strategies. We aim to identify trends and gaps to guide future research and improve clinical decision-making that leverages machine learning. Methods: This narrative review examines data extracted from 254 scientific publications published in the PubMed database between January 2018 and March 2023. Studies were categorized by machine learning applications, models, tasks, validation metrics, data sources, and demographics. Results: Our analysis revealed that most machine learning applications focused on OSA classification and diagnosis, utilizing various data sources such as polysomnography, electrocardiogram data, and wearable devices. We also found that study cohorts were predominantly overweight males, with an underrepresentation of women, younger obese adults, individuals over 60 years old, and diverse racial groups. Many studies had small sample sizes and limited use of robust model validation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for more inclusive research approaches, starting with adequate data collection in terms of sample size and bias mitigation for better generalizability of machine learning models in OSA research. Addressing these demographic gaps and methodological opportunities is critical for ensuring more robust and equitable applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037025001527Sleep ApneaMachine Learning
spellingShingle Matheus Lima Diniz Araujo
Trevor Winger
Samer Ghosn
Carl Saab
Jaideep Srivastava
Louis Kazaglis
Piyush Mathur
Reena Mehra
Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
Sleep Apnea
Machine Learning
title Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review
title_full Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review
title_fullStr Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review
title_short Status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea: A narrative review
title_sort status and opportunities of machine learning applications in obstructive sleep apnea a narrative review
topic Sleep Apnea
Machine Learning
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037025001527
work_keys_str_mv AT matheuslimadinizaraujo statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT trevorwinger statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT samerghosn statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT carlsaab statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT jaideepsrivastava statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT louiskazaglis statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT piyushmathur statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview
AT reenamehra statusandopportunitiesofmachinelearningapplicationsinobstructivesleepapneaanarrativereview