Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters
Acoustic oscillations in cryogenic systems can either be imposed intentionally, as in pulse-tube cryocoolers, or occur spontaneously due to Taconis-type thermoacoustic instabilities. To predict the propagation of sound waves in ducts with sudden changes in cross-sectional areas, minor losses associa...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Hydrogen |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/2/25 |
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| author | Kian Conroy Konstantin I. Matveev |
| author_facet | Kian Conroy Konstantin I. Matveev |
| author_sort | Kian Conroy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acoustic oscillations in cryogenic systems can either be imposed intentionally, as in pulse-tube cryocoolers, or occur spontaneously due to Taconis-type thermoacoustic instabilities. To predict the propagation of sound waves in ducts with sudden changes in cross-sectional areas, minor losses associated with such transitions in oscillatory flows must be known. However, the current modeling approaches usually rely on correlations for minor loss coefficients obtained in steady flows, which may not accurately represent minor losses in sound waves. In this study, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations are undertaken for acoustic oscillations at transitions between tubes of different diameters filled with cryogenic hydrogen. The variable parameters include the tube diameter ratios, temperatures (80 K and 30 K), and acoustic impedances corresponding to standing and traveling waves. Computational simulation results are compared with reduced-order acoustic models to develop corrections for minor loss coefficients that describe transition losses in sound waves more precisely. The present findings can improve the accuracy of design calculations for acoustic cryocoolers and predictions of Taconis instabilities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e43c30eaab96417d8e19b682fc91e6a4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-4141 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Hydrogen |
| spelling | doaj-art-e43c30eaab96417d8e19b682fc91e6a42025-08-20T02:21:02ZengMDPI AGHydrogen2673-41412025-04-01622510.3390/hydrogen6020025Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different DiametersKian Conroy0Konstantin I. Matveev1School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USASchool of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAAcoustic oscillations in cryogenic systems can either be imposed intentionally, as in pulse-tube cryocoolers, or occur spontaneously due to Taconis-type thermoacoustic instabilities. To predict the propagation of sound waves in ducts with sudden changes in cross-sectional areas, minor losses associated with such transitions in oscillatory flows must be known. However, the current modeling approaches usually rely on correlations for minor loss coefficients obtained in steady flows, which may not accurately represent minor losses in sound waves. In this study, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations are undertaken for acoustic oscillations at transitions between tubes of different diameters filled with cryogenic hydrogen. The variable parameters include the tube diameter ratios, temperatures (80 K and 30 K), and acoustic impedances corresponding to standing and traveling waves. Computational simulation results are compared with reduced-order acoustic models to develop corrections for minor loss coefficients that describe transition losses in sound waves more precisely. The present findings can improve the accuracy of design calculations for acoustic cryocoolers and predictions of Taconis instabilities.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/2/25hydrogencryogenicsacousticsminor lossescomputational fluid dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Kian Conroy Konstantin I. Matveev Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters Hydrogen hydrogen cryogenics acoustics minor losses computational fluid dynamics |
| title | Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters |
| title_full | Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters |
| title_fullStr | Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters |
| title_short | Acoustic Losses in Cryogenic Hydrogen at Transitions Between Tubes of Different Diameters |
| title_sort | acoustic losses in cryogenic hydrogen at transitions between tubes of different diameters |
| topic | hydrogen cryogenics acoustics minor losses computational fluid dynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/2/25 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kianconroy acousticlossesincryogenichydrogenattransitionsbetweentubesofdifferentdiameters AT konstantinimatveev acousticlossesincryogenichydrogenattransitionsbetweentubesofdifferentdiameters |