Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations
Nitrogen oxides (NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>) are key precursors of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter. The sparse local observations make it challenging to understand NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> cycling across the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which plays a crucia...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Xue Zhang Chunxiang Ye Jhoon Kim Hanlim Lee Junsung Park Yeonjin Jung Hyunkee Hong Weitao Fu Xicheng Li Yuyang Chen Xingyi Wu Yali Li Juan Li Peng Zhang Zhuoxian Yan Jiaming Zhang Song Liu Lei Zhu |
| author_facet | Xue Zhang Chunxiang Ye Jhoon Kim Hanlim Lee Junsung Park Yeonjin Jung Hyunkee Hong Weitao Fu Xicheng Li Yuyang Chen Xingyi Wu Yali Li Juan Li Peng Zhang Zhuoxian Yan Jiaming Zhang Song Liu Lei Zhu |
| author_sort | Xue Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen oxides (NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>) are key precursors of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter. The sparse local observations make it challenging to understand NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> cycling across the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which plays a crucial role in regional and global atmospheric processes. Here, we utilized Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) data to examine the tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical column density (Ω<sub>NO2</sub>) spatiotemporal variability over TP, a pristine environment marked with natural sources. GEMS observations revealed that the Ω<sub>NO2</sub> over TP is generally low compared with surrounding regions with significant surface emissions, such as India and the Sichuan basin. A spatial decreasing trend of Ω<sub>NO2</sub> is observed from the south and center to the north over Tibet. Unlike the surrounding regions, the TP exhibits opposing seasonal patterns and a negative correlation between the surface NO<sub>2</sub> and Ω<sub>NO2</sub>. In the Lhasa and Nam Co areas within Xizang, the highest Ω<sub>NO2</sub> in spring contrasts with the lowest surface concentration. Diurnally, a midday increase in Ω<sub>NO2</sub> in the warm season reflects some external sources affecting the remote area. Trajectory analysis suggests strong convection lifted air mass from India and Southeast Asia into the upper troposphere over the TP. These findings highlight the mixing interplay of nonlocal and local NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> sources in shaping NO<sub>2</sub> variability in a high-altitude environment. Future research should explore these transport mechanisms and their implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate dynamics over the TP. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4385628ab0b4a73844793d7e36a086c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4385628ab0b4a73844793d7e36a086c2025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-05-011710169010.3390/rs17101690Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal VariationsXue Zhang0Chunxiang Ye1Jhoon Kim2Hanlim Lee3Junsung Park4Yeonjin Jung5Hyunkee Hong6Weitao Fu7Xicheng Li8Yuyang Chen9Xingyi Wu10Yali Li11Juan Li12Peng Zhang13Zhuoxian Yan14Jiaming Zhang15Song Liu16Lei Zhu17School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaDivision of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaDivision of Atomic Molecular and Physics, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADivision of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaNational Institute of Environmental Research, Seoul 22689, Republic of KoreaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaNitrogen oxides (NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>) are key precursors of tropospheric ozone and particulate matter. The sparse local observations make it challenging to understand NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> cycling across the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which plays a crucial role in regional and global atmospheric processes. Here, we utilized Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) data to examine the tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical column density (Ω<sub>NO2</sub>) spatiotemporal variability over TP, a pristine environment marked with natural sources. GEMS observations revealed that the Ω<sub>NO2</sub> over TP is generally low compared with surrounding regions with significant surface emissions, such as India and the Sichuan basin. A spatial decreasing trend of Ω<sub>NO2</sub> is observed from the south and center to the north over Tibet. Unlike the surrounding regions, the TP exhibits opposing seasonal patterns and a negative correlation between the surface NO<sub>2</sub> and Ω<sub>NO2</sub>. In the Lhasa and Nam Co areas within Xizang, the highest Ω<sub>NO2</sub> in spring contrasts with the lowest surface concentration. Diurnally, a midday increase in Ω<sub>NO2</sub> in the warm season reflects some external sources affecting the remote area. Trajectory analysis suggests strong convection lifted air mass from India and Southeast Asia into the upper troposphere over the TP. These findings highlight the mixing interplay of nonlocal and local NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> sources in shaping NO<sub>2</sub> variability in a high-altitude environment. Future research should explore these transport mechanisms and their implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate dynamics over the TP.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1690Tibet PlateauNO<sub>2</sub> columnDiurnal variationGEMS |
| spellingShingle | Xue Zhang Chunxiang Ye Jhoon Kim Hanlim Lee Junsung Park Yeonjin Jung Hyunkee Hong Weitao Fu Xicheng Li Yuyang Chen Xingyi Wu Yali Li Juan Li Peng Zhang Zhuoxian Yan Jiaming Zhang Song Liu Lei Zhu Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations Remote Sensing Tibet Plateau NO<sub>2</sub> column Diurnal variation GEMS |
| title | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations |
| title_full | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations |
| title_fullStr | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations |
| title_short | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> Column over Tibet Plateau According to Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer: Spatial, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations |
| title_sort | tropospheric no sub 2 sub column over tibet plateau according to geostationary environment monitoring spectrometer spatial seasonal and diurnal variations |
| topic | Tibet Plateau NO<sub>2</sub> column Diurnal variation GEMS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1690 |
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