Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms

Abstract We have investigated the detailed line shapes of modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) for the $$F_g=2 \rightarrow F_e=1, 2$$ , and 3 transitions of 85Rb due to neighboring hyperfine transitions. This analysis has been conducted under four different polarization configurations: linear para...

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Main Authors: Shabraz Khan, Heung-Ryoul Noh, Jin-Tae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92562-z
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author Shabraz Khan
Heung-Ryoul Noh
Jin-Tae Kim
author_facet Shabraz Khan
Heung-Ryoul Noh
Jin-Tae Kim
author_sort Shabraz Khan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We have investigated the detailed line shapes of modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) for the $$F_g=2 \rightarrow F_e=1, 2$$ , and 3 transitions of 85Rb due to neighboring hyperfine transitions. This analysis has been conducted under four different polarization configurations: linear parallel, linear perpendicular, circular parallel, and circular perpendicular configurations. To the best of our knowledge the effects of neighboring transitions have been applied to MTS for the first time. The dependencies in the asymmetric MTS spectra resulting from the neighboring effects on the $$F_g=2 \rightarrow F_e=1$$ transition of 85Rb are accounted for by artificially adjusting the hyperfine energy separations in the excited state. We also investigate the detailed MTS line shapes for the $$F_g = 1 \rightarrow F_e = 0, 1, 2$$ transitions of 87Rb, considering circular polarization configurations. The significant strength of the MTS spectra for the crossover lines involving the $$F_e = 0$$ and 1 states of 87Rb in the $$\sigma ^+ - \sigma ^-$$ polarization configuration can be explained through a MTS signal mediated by spontaneous emission. Theoretical line shapes of these transitions, calculated using the density matrix equations, show good agreement with the observed spectra.
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spelling doaj-art-e436d50272ef4b719589f454ba7cce022025-08-20T03:05:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-011511910.1038/s41598-025-92562-zNeighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atomsShabraz Khan0Heung-Ryoul Noh1Jin-Tae Kim2Department of Photonic Engineering, Chosun UniversityDepartment of Physics, Chonnam National UniversityDepartment of Photonic Engineering, Chosun UniversityAbstract We have investigated the detailed line shapes of modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) for the $$F_g=2 \rightarrow F_e=1, 2$$ , and 3 transitions of 85Rb due to neighboring hyperfine transitions. This analysis has been conducted under four different polarization configurations: linear parallel, linear perpendicular, circular parallel, and circular perpendicular configurations. To the best of our knowledge the effects of neighboring transitions have been applied to MTS for the first time. The dependencies in the asymmetric MTS spectra resulting from the neighboring effects on the $$F_g=2 \rightarrow F_e=1$$ transition of 85Rb are accounted for by artificially adjusting the hyperfine energy separations in the excited state. We also investigate the detailed MTS line shapes for the $$F_g = 1 \rightarrow F_e = 0, 1, 2$$ transitions of 87Rb, considering circular polarization configurations. The significant strength of the MTS spectra for the crossover lines involving the $$F_e = 0$$ and 1 states of 87Rb in the $$\sigma ^+ - \sigma ^-$$ polarization configuration can be explained through a MTS signal mediated by spontaneous emission. Theoretical line shapes of these transitions, calculated using the density matrix equations, show good agreement with the observed spectra.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92562-z
spellingShingle Shabraz Khan
Heung-Ryoul Noh
Jin-Tae Kim
Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms
Scientific Reports
title Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms
title_full Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms
title_fullStr Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms
title_full_unstemmed Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms
title_short Neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of Rb atoms
title_sort neighboring and polarization effects on line shape of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in lower ground hyperfine state of rb atoms
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92562-z
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AT heungryoulnoh neighboringandpolarizationeffectsonlineshapeofthemodulationtransferspectroscopyinlowergroundhyperfinestateofrbatoms
AT jintaekim neighboringandpolarizationeffectsonlineshapeofthemodulationtransferspectroscopyinlowergroundhyperfinestateofrbatoms