General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women

Abstract Introduction In a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain‐specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impair...

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Main Authors: Andrew J. Petkus, Susan M. Resnick, Stephen R. Rapp, Mark A. Espeland, Margaret Gatz, Keith F. Widaman, Xinhui Wang, Diana Younan, Ramon Casanova, Helena Chui, Ryan T. Barnard, Sarah Gaussoin, Joseph S. Goveas, Kathleen M. Hayden, Victor W. Henderson, Bonnie C. Sachs, Santiago Saldana, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Sally A. Shumaker, Jiu‐Chiuan Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-01-01
Series:Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003
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author Andrew J. Petkus
Susan M. Resnick
Stephen R. Rapp
Mark A. Espeland
Margaret Gatz
Keith F. Widaman
Xinhui Wang
Diana Younan
Ramon Casanova
Helena Chui
Ryan T. Barnard
Sarah Gaussoin
Joseph S. Goveas
Kathleen M. Hayden
Victor W. Henderson
Bonnie C. Sachs
Santiago Saldana
Aladdin H. Shadyab
Sally A. Shumaker
Jiu‐Chiuan Chen
author_facet Andrew J. Petkus
Susan M. Resnick
Stephen R. Rapp
Mark A. Espeland
Margaret Gatz
Keith F. Widaman
Xinhui Wang
Diana Younan
Ramon Casanova
Helena Chui
Ryan T. Barnard
Sarah Gaussoin
Joseph S. Goveas
Kathleen M. Hayden
Victor W. Henderson
Bonnie C. Sachs
Santiago Saldana
Aladdin H. Shadyab
Sally A. Shumaker
Jiu‐Chiuan Chen
author_sort Andrew J. Petkus
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction In a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain‐specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Methods Estimates of general and domain‐specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years. Results General CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain‐specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia. Discussion Cognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.
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series Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
spelling doaj-art-e4358bd902474618a0c86af5090bc0462025-08-20T03:22:00ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions2352-87372019-01-015111812810.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older womenAndrew J. Petkus0Susan M. Resnick1Stephen R. Rapp2Mark A. Espeland3Margaret Gatz4Keith F. Widaman5Xinhui Wang6Diana Younan7Ramon Casanova8Helena Chui9Ryan T. Barnard10Sarah Gaussoin11Joseph S. Goveas12Kathleen M. Hayden13Victor W. Henderson14Bonnie C. Sachs15Santiago Saldana16Aladdin H. Shadyab17Sally A. Shumaker18Jiu‐Chiuan Chen19Department of NeurologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSANational Institute on AgingLaboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceBaltimoreMDUSADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of Biostatistical SciencesWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSACenter for Economic and Social ResearchUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSAGraduate School of Education, University of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSADepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSADepartment of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSADepartment of Biostatistical SciencesWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSADepartment of Biostatistical SciencesWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of Biostatistical SciencesWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of PsychiatryMedical College of Wisconsin, Tosa Health CenterMilwaukeeWIUSADepartment of Social Sciences and Health PolicyWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology)Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSADepartment of Social Sciences and Health PolicyWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of Social Sciences and Health PolicyWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCAUSADepartment of NeurologyWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center BlvdWinston‐SalemNCUSADepartment of NeurologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSAAbstract Introduction In a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain‐specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Methods Estimates of general and domain‐specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years. Results General CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain‐specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia. Discussion Cognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003Cognitive reserveDementiaMild cognitive impairmentStructural equation modeling
spellingShingle Andrew J. Petkus
Susan M. Resnick
Stephen R. Rapp
Mark A. Espeland
Margaret Gatz
Keith F. Widaman
Xinhui Wang
Diana Younan
Ramon Casanova
Helena Chui
Ryan T. Barnard
Sarah Gaussoin
Joseph S. Goveas
Kathleen M. Hayden
Victor W. Henderson
Bonnie C. Sachs
Santiago Saldana
Aladdin H. Shadyab
Sally A. Shumaker
Jiu‐Chiuan Chen
General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
Cognitive reserve
Dementia
Mild cognitive impairment
Structural equation modeling
title General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
title_full General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
title_fullStr General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
title_full_unstemmed General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
title_short General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women
title_sort general and domain specific cognitive reserve mild cognitive impairment and dementia risk in older women
topic Cognitive reserve
Dementia
Mild cognitive impairment
Structural equation modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003
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