Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window

Understanding the distribution and changes of seasonal pastures is critical for guiding livestock production and promoting the sustainable management of grassland resources. However, long-term, high-resolution datasets on seasonal pasture distribution remain scarce, which has significantly constrain...

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Main Authors: Panfei Fang, Jia Wang, Haifeng Xu, Ruonan Li, Long Yu, Shaodong Huang, Yuying Liang, Pengfei Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:GIScience & Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15481603.2025.2530310
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author Panfei Fang
Jia Wang
Haifeng Xu
Ruonan Li
Long Yu
Shaodong Huang
Yuying Liang
Pengfei Zheng
author_facet Panfei Fang
Jia Wang
Haifeng Xu
Ruonan Li
Long Yu
Shaodong Huang
Yuying Liang
Pengfei Zheng
author_sort Panfei Fang
collection DOAJ
description Understanding the distribution and changes of seasonal pastures is critical for guiding livestock production and promoting the sustainable management of grassland resources. However, long-term, high-resolution datasets on seasonal pasture distribution remain scarce, which has significantly constrained related research and management practices. In this study, we developed an automated seasonal pasture classification framework based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The framework leverages Landsat imagery within the optimal time window (Days of Year, DOYs 190–280), incorporates algorithms for automated sample generation and refinement, and employs the Random Forest (RF) classifier to enable fully automated seasonal pasture mapping. Using this approach, we produced 30 m resolution seasonal pasture maps for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2020. Validation with independent samples demonstrates that the overall classification accuracy for all periods exceeded 93.10%, and the spatial details of the results outperformed previous studies. Further spatiotemporal analysis revealed that between 1990 and 2020, the area of warm-season pastures declined by 14.11%, while cold-season pastures expanded by 102.97%. This research fills a critical knowledge gap regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and reveals the trends and patterns of their changes. The high-resolution and long-term dataset generated provides essential information to support the scientific management and decision-making for grassland resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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spelling doaj-art-e42d3f6a096f4165bfa5719b0b2b96ba2025-08-20T03:33:27ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGIScience & Remote Sensing1548-16031943-72262025-12-0162110.1080/15481603.2025.2530310Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time windowPanfei Fang0Jia Wang1Haifeng Xu2Ruonan Li3Long Yu4Shaodong Huang5Yuying Liang6Pengfei Zheng7Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaFaculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaCollege of Culture and Tourism, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaResearch Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaUnderstanding the distribution and changes of seasonal pastures is critical for guiding livestock production and promoting the sustainable management of grassland resources. However, long-term, high-resolution datasets on seasonal pasture distribution remain scarce, which has significantly constrained related research and management practices. In this study, we developed an automated seasonal pasture classification framework based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The framework leverages Landsat imagery within the optimal time window (Days of Year, DOYs 190–280), incorporates algorithms for automated sample generation and refinement, and employs the Random Forest (RF) classifier to enable fully automated seasonal pasture mapping. Using this approach, we produced 30 m resolution seasonal pasture maps for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2020. Validation with independent samples demonstrates that the overall classification accuracy for all periods exceeded 93.10%, and the spatial details of the results outperformed previous studies. Further spatiotemporal analysis revealed that between 1990 and 2020, the area of warm-season pastures declined by 14.11%, while cold-season pastures expanded by 102.97%. This research fills a critical knowledge gap regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and reveals the trends and patterns of their changes. The high-resolution and long-term dataset generated provides essential information to support the scientific management and decision-making for grassland resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15481603.2025.2530310Qinghai-Tibet Plateauseasonal pasture mappingLandsatoptimum time windowsample generation
spellingShingle Panfei Fang
Jia Wang
Haifeng Xu
Ruonan Li
Long Yu
Shaodong Huang
Yuying Liang
Pengfei Zheng
Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window
GIScience & Remote Sensing
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
seasonal pasture mapping
Landsat
optimum time window
sample generation
title Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window
title_full Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window
title_fullStr Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window
title_short Enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (1990–2020) using Landsat optimal time window
title_sort enhanced supervised classification of seasonal pastures on the qinghai tibet plateau 1990 2020 using landsat optimal time window
topic Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
seasonal pasture mapping
Landsat
optimum time window
sample generation
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15481603.2025.2530310
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