Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process
Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) is the second winter crop in Argentina. In the national market, grains are mainly destined to produce malt for beer manufacture. <i>Fusarium</i> species are common, causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in barley, which generates yield and qual...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/39 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587464437399552 |
|---|---|
| author | María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon Marianela Bossa Lorenzo Antonio Rosales Cavaglieri Juan Manuel Palazzini Michael Sulyok Sofía Noemí Chulze María Laura Chiotta |
| author_facet | María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon Marianela Bossa Lorenzo Antonio Rosales Cavaglieri Juan Manuel Palazzini Michael Sulyok Sofía Noemí Chulze María Laura Chiotta |
| author_sort | María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) is the second winter crop in Argentina. In the national market, grains are mainly destined to produce malt for beer manufacture. <i>Fusarium</i> species are common, causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in barley, which generates yield and quality losses, as well as mycotoxin occurrence. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the incidence of the main species causing FHB in different locations of the barley-growing region of Argentina, (b) their ability to produce mycotoxins, and (c) the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) natural occurrence in grains at the harvest stage. Additionally, a strain of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> was studied as a biocontrol agent in order to control <i>F. graminearum</i> sensu stricto and mycotoxin accumulation during the malting process, with the final objective being to reduce DON contamination in the beer manufacture chain. <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> ss was the most prevalent species causing FHB, with <i>Fusarium poae</i> being less distributed. Both species produced several mycotoxins, including NX-2 and NX-3, which is the first report of their production by strains isolated from barley in Argentina. Deoxynivalenol contamination was found in 95% of barley grains during the 2016 harvest season (mean: 0.4 mg/kg), while NIV contamination was present in 29% of samples (mean: 0.49 mg/kg). In the 2017 harvest season, 53.6% of grains were contaminated with DON (mean: 0.42 mg/kg), and 21% with NIV (mean: 0.8 mg/kg). Quantification of <i>F. graminearum</i> ss by real-time PCR during the micro-malting process showed that application of the biocontrol agent before the germination stage was the most effective treatment, with a 45% reduction in fungal DNA levels. Reduction in DON contamination (69.3–100%) in artificially infected grains with <i>F. graminearum</i> ss, was also observed. The present work contributes to the knowledge of FHB in Argentina and to the development of a strategy to control this disease and mycotoxin contamination in barley, promoting at the same time food security. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4285ac72143436a8816f389ec21ca31 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4285ac72143436a8816f389ec21ca312025-01-24T13:51:18ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-01-011713910.3390/toxins17010039Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting ProcessMaría Silvina Alaniz-Zanon0Marianela Bossa1Lorenzo Antonio Rosales Cavaglieri2Juan Manuel Palazzini3Michael Sulyok4Sofía Noemí Chulze5María Laura Chiotta6Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, ArgentinaDepartamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, ArgentinaChristian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, AustriaInstituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, ArgentinaDepartamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, ArgentinaBarley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) is the second winter crop in Argentina. In the national market, grains are mainly destined to produce malt for beer manufacture. <i>Fusarium</i> species are common, causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in barley, which generates yield and quality losses, as well as mycotoxin occurrence. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the incidence of the main species causing FHB in different locations of the barley-growing region of Argentina, (b) their ability to produce mycotoxins, and (c) the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) natural occurrence in grains at the harvest stage. Additionally, a strain of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> was studied as a biocontrol agent in order to control <i>F. graminearum</i> sensu stricto and mycotoxin accumulation during the malting process, with the final objective being to reduce DON contamination in the beer manufacture chain. <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> ss was the most prevalent species causing FHB, with <i>Fusarium poae</i> being less distributed. Both species produced several mycotoxins, including NX-2 and NX-3, which is the first report of their production by strains isolated from barley in Argentina. Deoxynivalenol contamination was found in 95% of barley grains during the 2016 harvest season (mean: 0.4 mg/kg), while NIV contamination was present in 29% of samples (mean: 0.49 mg/kg). In the 2017 harvest season, 53.6% of grains were contaminated with DON (mean: 0.42 mg/kg), and 21% with NIV (mean: 0.8 mg/kg). Quantification of <i>F. graminearum</i> ss by real-time PCR during the micro-malting process showed that application of the biocontrol agent before the germination stage was the most effective treatment, with a 45% reduction in fungal DNA levels. Reduction in DON contamination (69.3–100%) in artificially infected grains with <i>F. graminearum</i> ss, was also observed. The present work contributes to the knowledge of FHB in Argentina and to the development of a strategy to control this disease and mycotoxin contamination in barley, promoting at the same time food security.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/39Fusarium Head Blightbiocontrolmycotoxinsbarleymicro-malting |
| spellingShingle | María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon Marianela Bossa Lorenzo Antonio Rosales Cavaglieri Juan Manuel Palazzini Michael Sulyok Sofía Noemí Chulze María Laura Chiotta Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process Toxins Fusarium Head Blight biocontrol mycotoxins barley micro-malting |
| title | Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process |
| title_full | Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process |
| title_fullStr | Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process |
| title_short | Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process |
| title_sort | fusarium head blight in argentina a profile of produced mycotoxins and a biocontrol strategy in barley during micro malting process |
| topic | Fusarium Head Blight biocontrol mycotoxins barley micro-malting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/39 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariasilvinaalanizzanon fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess AT marianelabossa fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess AT lorenzoantoniorosalescavaglieri fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess AT juanmanuelpalazzini fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess AT michaelsulyok fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess AT sofianoemichulze fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess AT marialaurachiotta fusariumheadblightinargentinaaprofileofproducedmycotoxinsandabiocontrolstrategyinbarleyduringmicromaltingprocess |